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Two further developments are shifting the balance of advantage in favour of size. One is a heightened awareness of the risks of subcontracting. Toy companies and pet-food firms alike have found that their brands can be tainted if their suppliers (notably, from China) turn out shoddy goods. Big industrial companies have learned that their production cycles can be disrupted if contractors are not up to the mark. Boeing, once a champion of outsourcing, has been forced to take over faltering suppliers.
A second is the emergence of companies that have discovered how to be entrepreneurial as well as big. These giants are getting better at minimising the costs of size (such as longer, more complex chains of managerial command) while exploiting its advantages (such as presence in several markets and access to a large talent pool). Cisco Systems is pioneering the use of its own video technology to improve communications between its employees . IBM has carried out several company-wide brainstorming exercises, recently involving more than 150,000 people, that have encouraged it to put more emphasis, for example, on green computing. Disney has successfully ingested Pixar's creative magic.

A. 어휘
advantage 강점, 有利(유리). awareness 자각, 인식.
subcontracting 下都給(하도급). taint 더러워지다. turn out 판명되다.
shoddy goods 위조상품. disrupt 붕괴하다, 혼란에 빠트리다, 분열시키다.
up to the mark 표준에 도달하는. outsourcing 外注(외주).
take over 양도받다, 接收(접수)하다. faltering 비틀거리는. emergence 출현.
managerial command 경영지휘. exploit 이용하다, 개척하다. access 접속.
employee 종업원. brainstorming 회의 따위에서 각자가 생각나는 대로 의견을 말하고 최선책을 마련하는 일. ingest 섭취하다.

104-4-486
You might suppose that the return of the mighty, now better equipped to crush the competition, is something to worry about. Not necessarily. Big is not always ugly just as small is not always beautiful. Most entrepreneurs dream of turning their start-ups into giants (or at least of selling them to giants for a fortune). There is a symbiosis between large and small. "Cloud computing" would not provide young firms with access to huge amounts of computer power if big companies had not created giant servers. Biotech start-ups would go bust were they not given work by giants with deep pockets.
The most successful economic ecosystems contain a variety of big and small companies: Silicon Valley boasts long-established names as well as an ever-changing array of start-ups. America's economy has been more dynamic than Europe's in recent decades not just because it is better at giving birth to companies but also because it is better at letting them grow. Only 5% of European Union companies born since 1980 have made it into the list of the 1,000 biggest in the EU by market capitalisation. In America, the figure is 22%.

A. 어휘
the mighty 강력한 회사들. mighty 강력한. equip 장비를 갖추다.
crush 粉碎(분쇄)하다, 밟아 으깨다. entrepreneur 기업가.
start-up 新生(신생) 기업. fortune 富(부), 재산. symbiosis 共生(공생).
firm 회사. access 접근방법. bust 파산. deep pockets 풍부한 자금력.
ecosystem 생태계. long-established 기존의 오래된. array 隊列(대열).
market capitalisation 주식의 시장가격. figure 數値(수치).

B. 구문
- the return of the mighty, now . . . something to worry about.
[경쟁을 분쇄할 만큼 새롭게 장비를 한 强者(강자)들의 복귀는 걱정스러운 것이다.]
- Biotech start-ups would go . . . work by giants with deep pockets.
cf. were they not given=if they were not given
[바이오테크 신생기업들은 대기업들에 의해서 일감이 주어지지 않는다면 파산할 것이다.]