110-3-508
Bilateral deals come laden with complicated rules about where products originaterules which impose substantial costs of labelling and certification on firms. The more overlapping deals there are, the more complex the rules and the higher the costs. Those who follow Asia's FTA mania refer to this as the "noodle bowl". No wonder few firms actually want to use FTAs. An ADB survey of exporters in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand in 2007-08 found that only 22% took advantage of them. Certainly, the huge rise in trade deals seems to have done nothing to boost the share of the continent's trade that is intra-Asian.
Countries may worry that a multilateral deal would erode the preferential terms they got through bilateral ones. If so, the flurry of bilateral deals may have come at the expense of a world trade agreement. Gary Hufbauer of the Peterson Institute of International Economics in Washington, DC, thinks that China and India have decided they would "rather pursue bilateral FTAs than make the necessary concessions to push Doha across the finish line."
Some would dispute that. India, widely blamed for contributing to the collapse of the Doha talks in July 2008, is now holding a summit of trade ministers which aims to bridge the gap between world leaders' repeated promises to complete the round by 2010 and the reality that, as one WTO insider puts it, "nothing is happening on the ground". Indian politics should allow greater negotiating flexibility, if talks restart, thanks to a stronger government and an opposition in disarray. But a deal will require America to build up domestic support for more open trade. Until that happens, Asian countries may content themselves with a fuller noodle bowl

A. 어휘
bilateral deal 兩者協定(양자협정).
lade-laded-laden/laded 차나 배에 싣다, 책임 따위를 지우다.
complicated 복잡한. product 제품. originate 發源(발원)하다, 시작되다.
impose 강요하다. substantial 상당한, 다대한. labelling 라벨 붙이기, 라벨 분류.
certification 보증, 지불보증. overlapping 중복되는. complex 복잡한.
firm 商社(상사), 회사. refer to 지칭하다, 부르다.
“noodle bowl" 여러 나라의 FTA가 국수처럼 얽히고 설키어서 경제에 역효과를 미치는 것. multilateral deal 多者(다자)협정.
erode 서서히 파괴하다, 좀먹다, 浸蝕(침식)하다. preferential terms 우대관계.
flurry 질풍, 한 줄기의 바람, 動搖(동요). at the expense of ...를 희생하고.
institute 연구소. concession 양보. dispute 논박하다, 이의를 제기하다, 논쟁하다.
contribute to ...에 기여하다, 공헌하다. collapse 붕괴.
summit 수뇌회담. trade ministers 통상장관. politics 정치.
negotiating 협상하는. flexibility 유연성. opposition 야당, 반대.
disarray 혼란. domestic 국내의, 가정의. content 만족하다.