115-3-536
By the time of the Revolution, the theme of beleaguered people standing up to a superpower had become the go-to narrative of American identity. The two best-selling books of 1776 featured Moses. Thomas Paine, in Common Sense, called King George the "hardened, sullen tempered pharaoh." Samuel Sherwood, in The Church's Flight into the Wilderness, said God would deliver the colonies from Egyptian bondage. The Moses image was so pervasive that on July 4, after signing the Declaration of Independence, the Congress asked Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams to propose a seal for the United States. Their recommendation: Moses, leading the Israelites through the Red Sea as the water overwhelms the pharaoh. In their eyes, Moses was America's true Founding Father.
But escaping bondage proved to be only half the story. After the Israelites arrive in the desert, they face a period of lawlessness, which prompts the Ten Commandments. Only by rallying around the new order can the people become a nation. Freedom depends on law.
Americans faced a similar moment of chaos after the Revolution. One Connecticut preacher noted that Moses took 40 years to quell the Israelites' grumbling: Now "we are acting the same stupid part." And so just as a reluctant Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, then handed down the Ten Commandments, a reluctant George Washington led the colonists to victory, then presided over the drafting of the Constitution. The parallel was not lost. Two-thirds of the eulogies at Washington's death compared the "leader and father of the American nation" to the "first conductor of the Jewish nation."

A. 어휘
the Revolution 미국 독립전쟁. beleaguer 포위하다.
stand up to ...에 용감히 맞서다. superpower 영국을 가리킴.
identity 정체성. feature 특종으로 하다, 특색으로 그리다.
hardened 완고한, 비정한, 단단한. sullen 음산한, 음울한.
sullen tempered 음울한 성질의. wilderness 황무지. deliver 해방하다, 배달하다.
colonies 식민지. bondage 束縛(속박). pervasive 넘치는, 충만한.
the Declaration of Independence 독립선언서. congress 의회.
seal 도장. cf. the Great Seal 영국 국쇄. recommendation 추천.
overwhelm 매몰시키다, 압도하다. Founding Father 國父(국부).
prompt 재촉하다. the Ten Commandments 十誡命(십계명).
rally 공통의 목적을 위하여 모이다, 집결하다. chaos 混沌(혼돈).
preacher 목사, 설교사. quell 가라앉히다, 진압하다.
grumbling 불평, 투덜거림. act 演技(연기)하다. reluctant 싫어하는, 꺼리는.
preside over 主宰(주재)하다. drafting 起草(기초), 초안작성.
the Constitution 미국헌법. parallel 類似(유사), 相似(상사), 對比(대비).
eulogy 讚辭(찬사).

115-4-537
Let My People Go
While Moses was a unifying presence during the founding era, a generation later he got dragged into the issue that most divided the country. The Israelites' escape from slavery was the dominant motif of slave spirituals, including "Turn Back Pharaoh's Army," "I Am Bound for the Promised Land" and the most famous, "Go Down, Moses," which was called the national anthem of slaves: "When Israel was in Egypt Land,/ Let my people go/ Oppressed so hard they could not stand,/ Let my people go."
Spirituals sent coded messages. As Frederick Douglass wrote, when he and his comrades sang, "O Canaan, sweet Canaan,/ I am bound for the land of Canaan," overseers believed they were worshipping the white god. But to them, it meant they were about to escape on the Underground Railroad. The movement's famous conductor, Harriet Tubman, was called the Moses of her people.
And yet even as abolitionists used the Exodus to attack slavery, Southerners used it to defend the institution. The War Between the States became the War Between the Moseses. Slaveholders cited a bevy of biblical passages Abraham acquires slaves Moses invites slaves to the first Passover Jesus does nothing to free slaves to claim the Bible endorsed slavery. The book that joined Americans together was torn asunder by slavery.

A. 어휘
founding era 창업시대. dominant 지배적인, 유력한.
spirituals 黑人靈歌(흑인영가), 교회관계의 사항.
be bound for ...行(행)이다, 가려고 하다. national anthem 國歌(국가).
oppress 억압하다. coded 암호로 된. coded message 비밀 메시지.
comrade 동지, 동료. Canaan 가나안(약속의 땅, 낙원).
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) 도망노예출신의 노예폐지 운동가.
overseer 감독관. abolitionist 폐지론자, 노예제도 폐지론자.
the Exodus 출애굽기. institution 제도. slaveholders 노예소유자.
cite 인용하다, 引證(인증)하다. bevy 작은 새의 떼.
biblical passages 聖句(성구). Passover 유대교의 유월절.
endorse 시인하다, 지지하다, 확인하다. tear-tore-torn 찢다.
asunder 산산이, 동강동강.

B. 구문
- Oppressed so hard they could not stand=They were so oppressed that they could not stand.