A special report on business and finance in Brazil
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121. Getting it together at last
Nov 12th 2009 From The Economist print edition
Brazil used to be all promise. Now it is beginning to deliver, says John Prideaux (interviewed here)
121-1-561
BRAZIL has long been known as a place of vast potential. It has the world's largest freshwater supplies, the largest tropical forests, land so fertile that in some places farmers manage three harvests a year, and huge mineral and hydrocarbon wealth. Foreign investors have staked fortunes on the idea that Brazil is indeed the country of the future. And foreign investors have lost fortunes most spectacularly, Henry Ford, who made a huge investment in a rubber plantation in the Amazon which he intended to tap for car tyres. Fordlandia, a long-forgotten municipality in the state of Para, with its faded clapboard houses now slowly being swallowed up by jungle, is perhaps Brazil's most poignant monument to that repeated triumph of experience over hope.
Foreigners have short memories, but Brazilians have learned to temper their optimism with caution-even now, when the country is enjoying probably its best moment since a group of Portuguese sailors (looking for India) washed up on its shores in 1500. Brazil has been democratic before, it has had economic growth before and it has had low inflation before. But it has never before sustained all three at the same time. If current trends hold (which is a big if), Brazil, with a population of 192m and growing fast, could be one of the world's five biggest economies by the middle of this century, along with China, America, India and Japan.
A. ¾îÈÖ
vast °Å´ëÇÑ, ±¤´ëÇÑ. potential ÀáÀç·Â. freshwater Ó¿â©(´ã¼ö).
supplies Àç°íǰ, º¸±Þǰ. tropical forests ¿´ë¸². fertile ºñ¿ÁÇÑ.
harvest ¼öÈ®. hydrocarbon źȼö¼Ò. investor ÅõÀÚÀÚ.
staked fortunes ...¿¡ Àç»êÀ» °É´Ù(ÅõÀÚÇÏ´Ù). spectacularly ±¸°æ°Å¸®°¡ µÉ ¸¸Å.
plantation ´ë±Ô¸ð ³óÀå. tap µÎµå·Á ...ÇÏ´Ù, °¡º±°Ô µÎµå¸®´Ù.
municipality Áö¿ª, Áö¹æÀÚÄ¡Á¦. state ñ¶(ÁÖ). faded ¼èÅðÇÑ, »öÀÌ ¹Ù·£.
clapboard ÆÇÀÚ. swallow »ïŰ´Ù. poignant ÷Ôï·(ÅëÀý)ÇÑ, ¸¶À½¿¡ »ç¹«Ä¡´Â.
monument ±â³ä¹°, ±â³äºñ.
that repeated triumph of experience over hope. Èñ¸ÁÀ» ÆÐ¹è½ÃŲ ¹Ýº¹µÈ ½Â¸®.
temper ¼¯¾î¼ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù, °æ°¨½ÃŰ´Ù. optimism ³«°üÁÖÀÇ.
caution Á¶½É, ½ÅÁß. sustain ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Ù, À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù.
current trends ÇöÀçÀÇ °æÇâ. economies °æÁ¦Àû ÀǹÌÀÇ ±¹°¡.
C. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
ºê¶óÁúÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È °Å´ëÇÑ ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ³ª¶ó·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. ºê¶óÁúÀº ¼¼°èÃÖ´ëÀÇ Ó¿â©(´ã¼ö), ¼¼°èÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¿´ë¸², Áö¿ª¿¡ µû¶ó¼´Â ³â 3ȸ ¼öÈ®ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ ¸¸Å ºñ¿ÁÇÑ ÅäÁö, ±×¸®°í °Å´ëÇÑ ±¤¹° ¹× źȼö¼ÒÀÇ ¸ÅÀå·®À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀº ºê¶óÁúÀÌ Áø½Ç·Î ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ³ª¶ó¶ó´Â »ý°¢¿¡ Àç»êÀ» °É°í ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀº Àç»êÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Henry Ford´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿ë ŸÀÌ¾î »ý»êÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¸¶Á¸ Áö¿ªÀÇ °í¹«³óÀå¿¡ °Å´ëÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿´´Ù. Para ñ¶ÀÇ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¸Á°¢µÈ ÀÚÄ¡Áö¿ª¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ°í, »öÀÌ ¹Ù·£ ¸ñÀç °¡¿ÁµéÀ» Á¤±ÛÀÌ ¼¼È÷ Áý¾î»ï۰í ÀÖ´Â, Fordlandia ³ó¿øÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ Çö½ÇÀû °æÇè¿¡ ¾Ðµµ´çÇÏ¿© ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÂÀý´çÇÏ´Â Èñ¸Á(Çö½ÇÀÇ º®¿¡ ºÎµúÇô ÁÂÀýµÇ´Â Èñ¸Á)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºê¶óÁúÀÇ °¡Àå ÅëÀýÇÑ ±â³äºñ°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿Ü±¹ÀεéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÇÆÐ¸¦ Àß ¸Á°¢ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºê¶óÁú »ç¶÷µéÀº ³«°üÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ´Ù·ç´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ö¿Ô´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ºê¶óÁúÀº Áö±Ý, 1500³â Àεµ·Î ÇâÇØ Ç×ÇØÇÏ´ø Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ÀÇ ¹î»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºê¶óÁúÀÇ ÇØ¾È¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î »ó·úÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ·Î, ÃÖ°í·Î ÁÁÀº ½ÃÀýÀ» ´©¸®°í Àִµ¥µµ ±×·¸´Ù. ºê¶óÁúÀº Àü¿¡µµ ¹ÎÁÖÈµÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Àü¿¡µµ °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀ» ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Àü¿¡µµ ³·Àº ¹°°¡»ó½ÂÀ» ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ À¯ÁöÇÑ ÀûÀº °áÄÚ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸¸¾à Áö±ÝÀÇ °æÇâÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é (À̰ÍÀº ´ë´ÜÇÑ °¡Á¤ÀÌÁö¸¸)ºê¶óÁúÀº Àα¸°¡ 1¾ï9õ2¹é¸¸ÀÌ°í °æÁ¦°¡ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¼ºÀåÇϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÐÑá¦Ñº(±Ý¼¼±â) Áß¹Ý °æ¿¡´Â Áß±¹, ¹Ì±¹, Àεµ, ÀϺ»°ú ÇÔ²² ¼¼°è 5ÓÞ °æÁ¦´ë±¹ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡Ø 121ȸ ¿¬ÀçºÐºÎÅÍ´Â ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¸ÅÁÖ ¿ù¡¤¼ö¡¤±Ý¿¡¸¸ ¿¬ÀçµË´Ï´Ù.
121. Getting it together at last
Nov 12th 2009 From The Economist print edition
Brazil used to be all promise. Now it is beginning to deliver, says John Prideaux (interviewed here)
121-1-561
BRAZIL has long been known as a place of vast potential. It has the world's largest freshwater supplies, the largest tropical forests, land so fertile that in some places farmers manage three harvests a year, and huge mineral and hydrocarbon wealth. Foreign investors have staked fortunes on the idea that Brazil is indeed the country of the future. And foreign investors have lost fortunes most spectacularly, Henry Ford, who made a huge investment in a rubber plantation in the Amazon which he intended to tap for car tyres. Fordlandia, a long-forgotten municipality in the state of Para, with its faded clapboard houses now slowly being swallowed up by jungle, is perhaps Brazil's most poignant monument to that repeated triumph of experience over hope.
Foreigners have short memories, but Brazilians have learned to temper their optimism with caution-even now, when the country is enjoying probably its best moment since a group of Portuguese sailors (looking for India) washed up on its shores in 1500. Brazil has been democratic before, it has had economic growth before and it has had low inflation before. But it has never before sustained all three at the same time. If current trends hold (which is a big if), Brazil, with a population of 192m and growing fast, could be one of the world's five biggest economies by the middle of this century, along with China, America, India and Japan.
A. ¾îÈÖ
vast °Å´ëÇÑ, ±¤´ëÇÑ. potential ÀáÀç·Â. freshwater Ó¿â©(´ã¼ö).
supplies Àç°íǰ, º¸±Þǰ. tropical forests ¿´ë¸². fertile ºñ¿ÁÇÑ.
harvest ¼öÈ®. hydrocarbon źȼö¼Ò. investor ÅõÀÚÀÚ.
staked fortunes ...¿¡ Àç»êÀ» °É´Ù(ÅõÀÚÇÏ´Ù). spectacularly ±¸°æ°Å¸®°¡ µÉ ¸¸Å.
plantation ´ë±Ô¸ð ³óÀå. tap µÎµå·Á ...ÇÏ´Ù, °¡º±°Ô µÎµå¸®´Ù.
municipality Áö¿ª, Áö¹æÀÚÄ¡Á¦. state ñ¶(ÁÖ). faded ¼èÅðÇÑ, »öÀÌ ¹Ù·£.
clapboard ÆÇÀÚ. swallow »ïŰ´Ù. poignant ÷Ôï·(ÅëÀý)ÇÑ, ¸¶À½¿¡ »ç¹«Ä¡´Â.
monument ±â³ä¹°, ±â³äºñ.
that repeated triumph of experience over hope. Èñ¸ÁÀ» ÆÐ¹è½ÃŲ ¹Ýº¹µÈ ½Â¸®.
temper ¼¯¾î¼ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù, °æ°¨½ÃŰ´Ù. optimism ³«°üÁÖÀÇ.
caution Á¶½É, ½ÅÁß. sustain ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Ù, À¯ÁöÇÏ´Ù.
current trends ÇöÀçÀÇ °æÇâ. economies °æÁ¦Àû ÀǹÌÀÇ ±¹°¡.
C. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
ºê¶óÁúÀº ¿À·§µ¿¾È °Å´ëÇÑ ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ³ª¶ó·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. ºê¶óÁúÀº ¼¼°èÃÖ´ëÀÇ Ó¿â©(´ã¼ö), ¼¼°èÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¿´ë¸², Áö¿ª¿¡ µû¶ó¼´Â ³â 3ȸ ¼öÈ®ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ ¸¸Å ºñ¿ÁÇÑ ÅäÁö, ±×¸®°í °Å´ëÇÑ ±¤¹° ¹× źȼö¼ÒÀÇ ¸ÅÀå·®À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀº ºê¶óÁúÀÌ Áø½Ç·Î ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ³ª¶ó¶ó´Â »ý°¢¿¡ Àç»êÀ» °É°í ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ÅõÀÚÀÚµéÀº Àç»êÀ» ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Henry Ford´Â ÀÚµ¿Â÷¿ë ŸÀÌ¾î »ý»êÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ¾Æ¸¶Á¸ Áö¿ªÀÇ °í¹«³óÀå¿¡ °Å´ëÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿´´Ù. Para ñ¶ÀÇ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¸Á°¢µÈ ÀÚÄ¡Áö¿ª¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ°í, »öÀÌ ¹Ù·£ ¸ñÀç °¡¿ÁµéÀ» Á¤±ÛÀÌ ¼¼È÷ Áý¾î»ï۰í ÀÖ´Â, Fordlandia ³ó¿øÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ Çö½ÇÀû °æÇè¿¡ ¾Ðµµ´çÇÏ¿© ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÂÀý´çÇÏ´Â Èñ¸Á(Çö½ÇÀÇ º®¿¡ ºÎµúÇô ÁÂÀýµÇ´Â Èñ¸Á)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºê¶óÁúÀÇ °¡Àå ÅëÀýÇÑ ±â³äºñ°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿Ü±¹ÀεéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÇÆÐ¸¦ Àß ¸Á°¢ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºê¶óÁú »ç¶÷µéÀº ³«°üÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ´Ù·ç´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ö¿Ô´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ºê¶óÁúÀº Áö±Ý, 1500³â Àεµ·Î ÇâÇØ Ç×ÇØÇÏ´ø Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥ÀÇ ¹î»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºê¶óÁúÀÇ ÇØ¾È¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î »ó·úÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ·Î, ÃÖ°í·Î ÁÁÀº ½ÃÀýÀ» ´©¸®°í Àִµ¥µµ ±×·¸´Ù. ºê¶óÁúÀº Àü¿¡µµ ¹ÎÁÖÈµÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Àü¿¡µµ °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀ» ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Àü¿¡µµ ³·Àº ¹°°¡»ó½ÂÀ» ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ À¯ÁöÇÑ ÀûÀº °áÄÚ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸¸¾à Áö±ÝÀÇ °æÇâÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é (À̰ÍÀº ´ë´ÜÇÑ °¡Á¤ÀÌÁö¸¸)ºê¶óÁúÀº Àα¸°¡ 1¾ï9õ2¹é¸¸ÀÌ°í °æÁ¦°¡ ±Þ¼ÓÈ÷ ¼ºÀåÇϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÐÑá¦Ñº(±Ý¼¼±â) Áß¹Ý °æ¿¡´Â Áß±¹, ¹Ì±¹, Àεµ, ÀϺ»°ú ÇÔ²² ¼¼°è 5ÓÞ °æÁ¦´ë±¹ÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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