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MORE than at any time since the cold war, liberal democracy needs defending. That warning was issued recently by Arch Puddington, a veteran American campaigner for civil and political rights around the world.
This week the reasons for his concern became clearer. Freedom House, a lobby group based in Washington, DC (where Mr Puddington is research director), found in its latest annual assessment that liberty and human rights had retreated globally for the fourth consecutive year. It said this marked the longest period of decline in freedom since the organisation began its reports nearly 40 years ago.
Freedom House classifies countries as "free", "partly free" or "not free" by a range of indicators that reflect its belief that political liberty and human rights are interlinked. As well as the fairness of their electoral systems, countries are assessed for things like the integrity of judges and the independence of trade unions. Among the latest findings are that authoritarian regimes are not just more numerous they are more confident and influential.
In its report entitled "Freedom in the World 2010: Global Erosion of Freedom", the American lobby group found that declines in liberty occurred last year in 40 countries (in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East and the ex-Soviet Union) while gains were recorded in 16. The number of electoral democracies went down by three, to 116, with Honduras, Madagascar, Mozambique and Niger dropping off the list while the Maldives were reinstated. This leaves the total at its lowest since 1995, although it is still comfortably above the 1990 figure of 69.
A. ¾îÈÖ
disturbing ºÒ¾ÈÇÑ, ±Ù½ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â. decline ¼èÅð.
prompt ÀçÃËÇÏ´Ù, °í¹«ÇÏ´Ù. prevail ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö´Ù, º¸±ÞÇÏ´Ù.
liberal democracy ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ. issue °øÆ÷ÇÏ´Ù, Ãâ°£ÇÏ´Ù.
veteran ÒÇÖ¨(³ë·Ã)ÇÑ, ³ë·ÃÇÑ »ç¶÷, °íÂüº´, ÀçÇⱺÀÎ.
political right óÑïÙÏí(ÂüÁ¤±Ç).research director ¿¬±¸ºÎÀå.
annual ÇØ¸¶´ÙÀÇ, 1³âÀ» ´ÜÀ§·Î ÇÏ´Â.
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consecutive ¿¬¼ÓÀûÀÎ. classify ºÐ·ùÇÏ´Ù. indicator ô©Óø(ôµµ), ÁöÇ¥.
interlink ¿¬°áÇÏ´Ù. fairness °øÁ¤¼º. electoral systems ¼±°ÅÁ¦µµ.
integrity ¼º½Ç, Á¤Á÷. trade union ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ. authoritarian µ¶ÀçÀû.
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reinstate Ý¥êÈ(º¹À§)ÇÏ´Ù, º¹¿øÇÏ´Ù. figure ¼ö, ¼ýÀÚ.
B. ±¸¹®
-needs defending=needs to be defended
C. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
Ò²îú(³ÃÀü) ðûãØ(Á¾½Ä)ÀÌÈÄ ±× ¾î´À ¶§ º¸´Ùµµ ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ¹æ¾îÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¸¹¾Æ Á³´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ °æ°í´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÃÇÑ ÚÅÏí(¹Î±Ç)¹× ÂüÁ¤±Ç ¿îµ¿°¡ÀÎ Arch Puddington ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù.
À̹ø ÁÖ¿¡ ±×°¡ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ´õ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Washington¿¡ º»ºÎ¸¦ µÐ ·Îºñ ´ÜüÀÎ Freedom House (Puddington´Â ÀÌ ´ÜüÀÇ ¿¬±¸ºÎÀåÀÌ´Ù) ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ Æò°¡ º¸°í¼¿¡¼ Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î 4³â ¿¬¼Ó ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ÀαÇÀÌ ÈÄÅðÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÌ ´Üü°¡ 40³â Àü º¸°í¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ °¡Àå ±ä ¼èÅð±â°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í Æò°¡º¸°í¼´Â ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Freedom House´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ÀαÇÀº »óÈ£ ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹ÏÀ½¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í ¸¸µç ôµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ±¹°¡µéÀ» ¡°ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖÀ½¡± ¿Í ¡°ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖÀ½¡± ¹× ¡°ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¾øÀ½¡±À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹°¡µéÀº ¼±°ÅÀÇ °øÁ¤¼º»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀçÆÇ°üÀÇ Á¤Á÷¼º°ú ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ µ¶¸³¼º °°Àº ±âÁØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ Æò°¡µÈ´Ù. ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¹ß°ß »çÇ× Áß¿¡´Â µ¶ÀçÁ¤±ÇÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ Á³À» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ¶ÀçÁ¤±ÇÀÌ ´õ ÀڽŸ¸¸¸ÇÏ°í ¼¼·ÂÀÌ ´õ ÄÑÁ³´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¡°2010³â ¼¼°èÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯: ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¼¼°èÀû ħ½Ä¡±À̶ó´Â øúð¹(Ç¥Á¦)ÀÇ º¸°í¼¿¡¼ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÀÌ ´Üü´Â À۳⿡ Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ½ÅÀåµÈ ³ª¶ó´Â 16°³±¹ÀÎ ¹Ý¸é¿¡ 40°³±¹¿¡¼ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¼èÅðÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼±°Å ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼ö´Â Maldives°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ°í ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Honduras, Madagascar, Mozambique, NigerÀÇ Å»¶ôÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ 3°³°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿© 116°³·Î ³»·Á°¬´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ºñ·Ï ¾ÆÁ÷µµ 1990³âÀÇ 69º¸´Ù´Â ÈξÀ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÌÁö¸¸ 1995³â ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î °¡Àå ³·Àº ¼öÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù.
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