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On to Mars; È­¼ºÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿©


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http://cafe.daum.net/paaranhome


< On to Mars ; È­¼ºÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© >
From the January 31, 2000 issue:
America has been lost in space. It's time to find our nerve again. by Charles Krauthammer
01/31/2000, Volume 005, Issue 19
2000³â 1¿ù 31ÀÏ À̽´¿¡¼­:
¹Ì±¹Àº ¿ìÁÖ°ø°£À» »ó½ÇÇß´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ´ã·ÂÀ» ´Ù½Ã ȸº¹ÇÒ ¶§´Ù.
- Âû½º Å©·ï»ù¸Ó



< ¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ 1899³â¿¡ ÇÑ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹é³âÈĸ¦ »ý°¢Çϸç ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù ÇÏÀÚ.
»ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÈûÀ» °¡Áø ÆøÅºÀÌ Á¾Á·À» À§ÇùÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¼ö¹é¸¸¸íÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼ÕÀÌ ´êÁö¾Ê´Â Àå¼Ò·Î °¡±â À§ÇØ ¸Å½Ã°£ Ãâ¹ßÇÏ´Â ¿ìÁÖ¼±¿¡ ¿Ã¶óź´Ù.
Àηù´Â ´Þ·Î ¿©ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í.....
¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ´Â °ð Èï¹Ì¸¦ ÀÒ°í ¾Æ¸¶ Çʽà ´ç½ÅÀ» Á¤½ÅÀÌ»óÀÚ·Î ´Ü¾ðÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. - M. Å©¸¯Åæ - >
If you were to say to a physicist in 1899 that in 1999, a hundred years later . . . bombs of unimaginable power would threaten the species; . . . that millions of people would take to the air every hour in aircraft capable of taking off and landing without human touch; . . . that humankind would travel to the moon, and then lose interest . . . the physicist would almost certainly pronounce you mad. --Michael Crichton


I. ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶² âÁ¶¹°Àΰ¡ ?
Àΰ£µéÀº ½Ê¸¸³âµ¿¾È Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´ëÁö¸¦ ÀÌ·úÇØ¿Ô´Ù. - ÀÌ´Â À§Å¬¸®½ºÅĴٵ忡¼­ 𽺠ũ¶ó»ù¸Ó°¡ ÇÑ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ³î¶ø°Ôµµ ŰƼȣũ(¶óÀÌÆ®ÇüÁ¦°¡ ùºñÇà±â¸¦ ¶ç¿î °÷) ÀÌÈÄ ´Þ±îÁö °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø »ç¶÷Àº ´Ü 66¸íÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´õ ³î¶ø°Ôµµ, ¿ì¸®´Â Èï¹Ì¸¦ ÀÒ¾ú´Ù. 20¼¼±â Áß 30³â µ¿¾ÈÀ» ³·Àº Áö±¸Ç༺¿¡¼­¸¸ ¸Éµ¹¸ç ¾î´À °÷¿¡µµ °¡·Á °¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
WHAT MANNER OF CREATURE ARE WE? It took 100,000 years for humans to get inches off the ground to Mars - by Charles Krauthammer, weeklystanard und. Then, astonishingly, it took only 66 to get from Kitty Hawk to the moon. And then, still more astonishingly, we lost interest, spending the remaining 30 years of the 20th century going around in circles in low earth orbit, i.e., going nowhere.

Áö³­ 7¿ù, ¹«ÀÎ ·ç³ª ½ÃÇè¼±ÀÌ ´ÞÀÇ ¹°ÈçÀûÀ» ã±â À§ÇØ ¹ß»çµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ȹ±âÀûÀÎ ¸ðÇèÀ̾ú°í, ´õ´õ¿í À¯ÀοìÁÖ¼±ÀÌ°Ç ¹«ÀοìÁÖ¼±ÀÌ°Ç Áö³­ 1972³â ¾ÆÆú·Î ¿ìÁÖºñÇà»çµéÀÌ Áö±¸¸¦ ÀÌ·úÇÑ ÀÌ·¡ ´Þ¿¡ Âø·úÇÑ Ã¹ ½ÃÇè¼±À̶õ Á¡¿¡¼­ ȹ±âÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. 27³âÀ̶õ ½Ã°£ÀÌ Èǽ Áö³ª°¬´Ù. ´Ü Çѹøµµ µÚµ¹¾Æº» Àû¾øÀÌ.
Last July, the unmanned Lunar Prospector probe was sent to find out whether the moon contains water. It was a remarkable venture, but even more remarkable was the fact that Prospector was the first NASA spacecraft, manned or unmanned, to land on the moon since the last Apollo astronaut departed in 1972. Twenty-seven years without even a glance back.

ŽÇèÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿´´ø 15,16 ¼¼±â¸¦ ±â¾ïÇØº¸ÀÚ. 20¼¼±âÀÇ ÈĹݱâ´Â ¿ìÁÖŽ»ç ½Ã´ë·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ À־´ø°¡ ? ù 20³â°£Àº ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ½ÃÇèÀåÀ¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. °æÀïÀÇ Àå¿¡¼­ ´ç´çÇÏ°í ºÒ¿äºÒ±¼ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖÆÐ±ÇÀ» ÇâÇØ ¼Ò·Ã°ú ÇÔ²² °æÁÖ¿¡ µé¾î°¬´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀüÀï¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ´õ¿í Çö´ëÈ­°¡ °¡´ÉÇß´Ù. Äɳ׵ð´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿øÀ» ±× °æÁÖ¿¡ ½ñ¾ÆºÎ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷, ¿ø·á, ÀÚ±Ý, ±×¸®°í Á¤½Å±îÁö. ±×´Â ¿ë°¨Çß´Ù. ½Ê³âµµ Áö³ª±â Àü¿¡ Äɳ׵𰡠´ÞÀ§¿¡ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Âø·úÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇßÀ» ¶§, ±× ¶§´Â °Ü¿ì 8³âÇÏ°íµµ Àý¹ÝÀÇ ½Ã°£»ÓÀÌ ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±× ¶§±îÁö ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº Áö±¸±Ëµµ¿¡ ÁøÀÔÁ¶Â÷ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿´´Ù.
We remember the late 15th and 16th centuries as the Age of Exploration. The second half of the 20th was at one point known as the Space Age. What happened? For the first 20 years we saw space as a testing ground, an arena for splendid, strenuous exertion. We were in a
race with the Soviets for space supremacy, and mobilized for it as for war. President Kennedy committed all of our resources: men, materiel, money, and spirit. And he was bold. When he promised to land a man on the moon before the decade was out, there were only eight and a half years left. At the time, no American had even orbited the earth.

¾ÆÆú·Î°èȹÀº Àå¾öÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëÁßµé »çÀÌ¿£ °ð Áö·çÇÔÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ¾ÆÆú·Î 13È£¿¡ ½Â¼±Çß´ø, ´Þ·Î ÇâÇÒ ¿ìÁÖºñÇà»çµé¿¡°Ô´Â ûÁßÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ¹æ¼ÛÁ¶Â÷ ÇÒ´çµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ûÁßÀÌ ÇÕ·ùÇÑ °ÍÀº »ýÁ¸À» ÇâÇÑ ±«·Î¿î ½Ã·ÃÀ¸·Î ±× ºñÇàÀÏÁ¤ÀÌ µÚ¹Ù²ï ÈÄ¿¡ÀÇ ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÆú·Î 17È£, ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ¸ðµÎ ³¡³ª¹ö·È´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸· ¼¼ ¹øÀÇ, ´ÞÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ¹ß»çÇÏ·Á´ø °èȹÀº ¼Õ½Ç ¶§¹®¿¡ Ãë¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù.
The Apollo program was a triumph. But the public quickly grew bored. The interview with the moon-bound astronauts aboard Apollo 13 was not even broadcast, for lack of an audience. It was only when the flight turned into a harrowing drama of survival that an audience assembled. By Apollo 17, it was all over. The final three moonshots were canceled for lack of interest.

³ª»ç´Â ¿ìÁÖ¿Õº¹¼±¿¡ »ç¶÷°ú ±â°è¸¦ ½Ç¾î¼­ Áö±¸¿Í ¿ìÁֱ˵µÁ¤°ÅÀåÀ» ¿Õ·¡ÇÏ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ Àç°í¾ÈÇß´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÇÑ °¡Áö¸¸ »©°í´Â ÁÁÀº äÐÀ̾ú´Ù. Áö±¸±Ëµµ¿¡´Â ¿ìÁÖÁ¤°ÅÀåÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖ½ÇÇè½ÇÀº 1973³â 5¿ù¿¡ ¹ß»çµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, °íÀÛ 171Àϰ£¸¸ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸Ó¹°·¶´Ù. º¸¼öÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¾Æ¹«·± ³ë·Âµµ ±â¿ï¿©ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. °á±¹ ±×°ÍÀº Áö±¸·Î Ãß¶ôÇß°í ºÒŸ »ç¶óÁ³´Ù. ¸·´ëÇÏ°Ô ºñ½Ñ ¿Õº¹¼±À» ¾îµð¼­µµ ãÀ» ±æÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Looking to reinvent itself, NASA came up with the idea of a space shuttle ferrying men and machines between earth and an orbiting space station. It was a fine idea except for one thing: There was no space station. Skylab had been launched in May 1973, then manned for 171 days. But no effort was made to keep its orbit from decaying. It fell to earth and burned. We were left with an enormously expensive shuttle--to nowhere.

¿ìÁÖ¿Õº¹¼±ÀÇ ¼º°øÀ̶ó¸é, ±× °÷¿¡¼­ Áö±¸ îïÌØÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÀº Çãºí¿ìÁÖ¸Á¿ø°æÀ» ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼ö¸®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº °úÇÐÀÌ Á׾ Á¾¸»À̾ú°í, Á¤½ÅÀÇ Á×À½À̱⵵ Çß´Ù. ¿À´Ã±îÁö ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ °üÇÏ¿©´Â ³¡ÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¹«·áÇÔÀÌ ÆòÇàÀ» ÀÌ·ç¸ç ¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î µé¶¹´ø °ÍÀº ¾ðÁ¦¿´³ª ? 1998³â 11¿ù 77 ¸ÔÀº ³ëÀÎÀÌ ¿ìÁÖ¿Õº¹¼±¿¡¼­ ±ÍȯÇßÀ» ¶§¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼ö³âµ¿¾È Áß¿¡¼­ ¿ìÁÖÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °¡Àå ÈïºÐÇßÀ» ¶§¿´´Ù. ù ½ÃÀÛ¿¡¼­ Áغñ°úÁ¤±îÁö ½ÉÁö¾î ¼±ºñÇà¹ßǥȸÀDZîÁö »ý»ýÇÑ Á¶¸íÀ» ¹ÞÀº ù ½Ã°£À̾ú´Ù. TV°¡ ¾Æµ¿µéÀÇ ½ÃûÀ» À§ÇØ ±³½Ç¾È¿¡±îÁö µé¾î°¬¾ú´Ù.
The shuttle has had its successes--the views of earth it brought back, the repairs to the Hubble space telescope it enabled. But it has been a dead end scientifically and deadening spiritually. There is today a palpable ennui with space. When did we last get excited? When a 77-year-old man climbed into the shuttle in November 1998 for a return flight. That was the most excitement the shuttle program had engendered in years--the first time in a long time that a launch and the preparations and even the preflight press conference had received live coverage. Televisions were hauled into classrooms so kids could watch.

ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ëü ¹«¾ó º¸¾Ò³ª ? ±× ¶§ ¿ì¸®°¡ º» °ÍÀº Á¸ ±Û·»ÀÌ 36»ì ¶§ ¿ìÁÖºñÇàÇÑ °ÍÀ» µÇ°¨Àº Å×ÀÙÀ̾ú´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ¶óÀÌÆ®ÇüÁ¦°¡ 1939³â ŰƼȣũ¶¥¿¡ µ¹¾Æ°¡¼­ ´Ù½ÃÇѹø ¸ð·¡À§¸¦ ¹Ì²ô·¯Á® ³¯¾Æº¸ÀÎ °Í°ú °°Àº °ÍÀ̰í, ±×·± Àç¹Ýº¹Àº ºñÇà¼ú¿¡¼­ÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ÁøÀüÀ» ±×Àú Àá°£ ȸ»óÇÑ °Í°ú °°Àº ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
±Û·»ÀÌ ÀÏÀ¸Å² Çö»ó¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¹®Á¦½ÃµÈ °ÍÀº ¿ìÁÖŽÇèÀÌ À¯³â±â¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¯ ÀÖ´ø ½ÃÀý ¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø, ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ú¾ÇÑ ³ë½ºÅÅÁ®ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ËÒü£¿´´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾î´À °÷¿¡µµ °£ ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ¿ì¸®µéÀº ¹ú½á Èå¹ËÇÑ Àڱ⸸Á·ÀÇ È¸»ó¿¡ Á¥¾îº¸°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
But watch what? The fact is that we were watching John Glenn reprise a flight he'd made 36 years earlier. It is as if the Wright Brothers had returned to Kitty Hawk in 1939 to skim the sand once again, and the replay was treated as some great advance in aviation.
The most disturbing part of the Glenn phenomenon was the efflorescence of space nostalgia--at a time when space exploration is still in its infancy. We have not really gone anywhere yet, and we are already looking back with sweet self-satisfaction.

¼¨³â ·ç½Ãµå°¡ ³·Àº Áö±¸±Ëµµ¿¡¼­ Àå½Ã°£ ¸Ó¹«¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸í¿¹·Î¿î ¿ìÁÖ¸Þ´ÞÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§µµ Çѵ¿¾È ¿ìÁÖÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿ìÈÄÁ×¼øÃ³·³ ÀϾ°í, ´ëÁßµé ¼Ó¿¡ ÈïºÐ±â°£ÀÌ Àá°£ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½Ã´ëÀÇ »ó¡À̾ú´Ù°í ÇÒ±î. ±×³à´Â ½Ç·Î ¿ë°¨ÇÏ°í °Ç°­Çغ¸¿´Áö¸¸, ±×³àÀÇ °øÀû¿¡ ¸ð¿©µç ¾Æ³¦¾ø´Â Âù»ç¼Ó¿¡´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÂÞ±×·¯Áø ¿ìÁÖÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ê±â°¡ ÈξÀ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. Áö±¸·ÂÀÇ ±â·ÏµéÀº ÁÁ¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸í¿¹ÀÇ ±¹È¸¿ìÁÖ¸Þ´ÞÀ̶ó´Ï ? ±×°ÍÀº °á±¹ ¾Ë¶õ ¼ÎÆÄ¸£µå³ª Á¸ ±Û·»À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¸±Û·»Àº ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤Çϰí ÀüÇô »õ·Î¿î î¡ÀÇ ÍÔò¢ - ±×µéÀÇ ¹ß ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ºÙÀº 8 Ãþ ³ôÀÌÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ ÀüÇô ½ÃÇèÇØº¸Áö ¾ÊÀº ÆøÅºÀÌ ±×µéÀ» ³¯·Á¹ö¸± Áöµµ ¸ð¸£´Âµ¥µµ - ¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó¼­´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ºñ¹üÇÑ ¿ë±â¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ì¸®´Â 'À¯¸®'¶ó´Â µÎ ¸íÀÇ ¼Ò·Ã¿ìÁÖÀεé°ú Áö±¸±Ëµµ¼±È¸ÀüÈ­ºÎ½º(¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ISS¿¡ ¹Ì¼Ò ¾ç±¹ÀÇ ¿ìÁÖÀεéÀÌ ÇÔ²² ¼ö°³¿ù°£ »ýȰÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÏÄ´ ¸») ¾È¿¡¼­ 6 °³¿ùÀ» ÇãºñÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Áø ¿ë±â¸¦ ¼Ò¸ðÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The other flutter of excitement generated by the shuttle program occurred a few years earlier when Shannon Lucid received the Congressional Space Medal of Honor for a long-duration flight in low earth orbit. A sign of the times. She is surely brave and spunky, but the lavish attention her feat garnered says much about the diminished state of our space program. Endurance records are fine. But the Congressional Space Medal of Honor? It used to be given to the likes of Alan Shepard and John Glenn, who had the insane courage to park themselves atop an unstable, spanking-new, largely untested eight-story bomb not knowing whether it would blow up under them. Now we give it for spending six months in an orbiting phone booth with a couple of guys named Yuri.


II. ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´ø °ÍÀΰ¡ ?
¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ¾îµð·Î ŽÇè¿¡ ³ª¼³±î ?
¿ì¸®´Â Áö±Ý ¿ª»çÀÇ °æÁÖÆ®·¢ °¡¿¡ ¼­¼­ ±â²¯ ¸·´ë±â·Î ¶°¹ÞÃÄÁö´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù. ¿äÁòÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÅëÈ­, µ·°è»ê°ú ¼öÁý, ±×¸®°í »ç¶÷µé°£ÀÇ ÀÎÅͳݸÁÁõ¼³ÀÌ´Ù.
¿ÜºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ø(¿ìÁÖ°ø°£À» ¸»ÇÔ)°£Àº ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼ÓÀÇ °ø°£¿¡ ±× ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾çµµÇعö·È´Ù.
Áø½Ç·Î, ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ °ü½É°ú º»´ÉÀ» ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ²ø¾î´ç±â´ø ¿ìÁÖ°ø°£Àº ÀÌÁ¦, 9:30¿¡ »õ·Î¿î Å佺ƼÅä(¿Á¼ö¼ö·Î ¸¸µç ĨÁ¾·ù)ÀÇ ±¤°í°¡ ½ÃÀ۵ȴٴ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ÀΰøÀ§¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¼öÁØ¿¡ ¸ØÃß¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
WHAT HAPPENED? Where is the national will to explore? We are stuck along some quiet historical sidetrack. The fascination today is with communication, calculation, miniaturization, all in the service
of multiplying human interconnectedness. Outer space has ceded pride of place to the inner space of the Internet. In fact, space's greatest claim on our interest and resources currently rests on the fact that satellites allow us to page each other and confirm that 9:30 meeting about the new Tostitos ad campaign.

¼¨³í ·ç½Ãµå°¡ °¡Áø 6°³¿ù°£ÀÇ ½ºÆùÁö¸ñ¿å°ú ¹Ì¸£»ó°ø¿¡¼­ÀÇ ·¯½Ã¾ÆÀ½½ÄÀ» µÑ·¯½Õ´ø Àá½ÃÀÇ ÈïºÐÀ̶õ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î¸¸ ÇâÇÏ´ø ½Ã°£¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °¡Á¤»ç(¿ìÁÖ·Î ÇâÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³»ºÎ·Î ÇâÇϴ dzÁ¶¸¦ ÀÏÄÃÀ½) ÀÇ ¹Ý¿µÀ̾úÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ, ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÌ ³¡³ª°í, ¿Â³ÃÅÁÀ» ¿À°¡´Â 60³âÀÌ Áö³­ ÈÄ, 1990³âÃʱîÁö, ÁÙ°ð °í°¥µÇ¾î¿Â Çö»óÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼ÀÎÇʵå(ÀÏ»ó»ýȰÀ» ±×¸° TV½Ã¸®Áî¹°)ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀº ¿Àµ÷¼¼ÀÌÀÇ ¸ðÇèÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ½Ç·Î °¡Á¤°ú º®³­·ÎÀÇ ½Ã°£ - ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ µ¿·áÀÓÀ» ³¡¾øÀÌ ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µå´Â ¹øÂ½ÀÌ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÈ­¸éÀÇ ½Ã°£ - ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The excitement surrounding Shannon Lucid's six months of sponge baths and Russian food aboard Mir is a reflection of the quiet domesticity of this inward-turning time. Perhaps it is the exhaustion after 60 years of world war, cold and hot, stretching right up to the early 1990s. The ' Seinfeld 'era is not an era for Odyssean adventures. Now is a time for home and hearth--the glowing computer screen that allows endless intercourse with our fellow humans.

Ç༺Ž»ç¸¦ ±×¸¸µÎ°Ô µÈ ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯´Â - ´ÞÂø·úÀ¸·Î ¾ò¾îÁø ¼º°ú ¹Ù·Î ±× ÀÚü¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ¾ÆÆú·Î¿ìÁÖºñÇà»çµéÀÌ »õ·Î¿î õüÀ§¿¡¼­ ù¹øÂ° Àΰ£ÀÇ ¹ßÀÚÃ븦 ³²±æ Àû¿¡ Àü¼ÛµÈ À¯¸íÇÑ Áö±¸ »çÁø ¸î Àå ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
Àΰ£ÀÇ Àǽļӿ¡ 'Áö±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¢¼º'ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× »çÁøµé(Áö±¸ÀÇ)Àº ºñ·Î¼Ò ãêÀÌ º¸½Ç ÀûÀÇ Áö±¸¸¦ Àΰ£ÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î º¸°Ô ÇÏ¿© ÁØ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. µû¶æÇϰí, ¾ÈÀüÇϰí, °í¿äÇϸç, Ãູ¹ÞÀº ¶¥. ±× »çÁøµéÀº ¾ÆÀÌ·¯´ÏÇϰԵµ, Áö±¸ÀÎÀÌ Áö±¸¸¦ ¶°³¯ ´É·ÂÀ» ȹµæÇÏ°Ô µÈ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¼ø°£¿¡, »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô 'Áö±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹«Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ ³ë½ºÅÅÁö¾î'¶ó´Â °¨°¢À» óÀ½À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î½ÉÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Another reason for the diminishing drive for planetary exploration is, perversely, the fruits of the moon landing itself--and in particular that famous photograph of earth taken by the Apollo astronauts during the first human circumnavigation of another celestial body.
'Earthrise' had an important effect on human consciousness. It gave us our first view of earth as it is seen from God's perspective: warm, safe, serene, blessed. It created a kind of preemptive nostalgia for earth, at precisely the moment when earthlings were finally acquiring the ability to leave it.

'Áö±¸µ¸ÀÌ'°¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ¹®È­Àû ¾ÆÀÌÄÜ(᡽º·¯¿î ßÀ;»ó)ÀÌ µÇ¾îÁ³´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³î¶ö Çö»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ï, ±×°ÍÀº ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ȯ°æÀÇ ÁÂÀÍ(ÁÖ¸ñ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Á¸Àç¿´´Ù´Â ¸» °°À½)À̾ú±â ¶§¹®À̶ó ÇÒ±î. ±× »çÁøÀÌ µîÀåÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ '°íÇâ¶¥ ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿À¶ó.'ÀÇ ¿Üħ°ú ±× »çÁøÀº 4 ³âµ¿¾È ¿ìÁÖÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿±ÞÀÇ Àǹ̰¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
* Áö±¸µ¸ÀÌ: Áö±¸¿¡¼­ º¸´Â 'ÇØµ¸ÀÌ' °°ÀÌ ´Þ¿¡¼­ º¸´Â 'Áö±¸µ¸ÀÌ'¶õ ÀǹÌÀÓ.
It is no surprise that ' Earthrise' should have become such a cultural icon, particularly for the environmental Left. It offered the cosmic equivalent of the call to 'Come home, America' issued just four years after the picture was taken.

±× »çÁø°ú ±×°ÍÀÌ È°¼ºÈ­½ÃŲ Á¤½ÅÀû ±âǰÀº - Áö±¸ÀûÀ̰í, Á¤Âø¼ºÀ̸ç, ³»ÀçÁöÇâÀû¿¡ ¸Ó¹°·¶´ø - ¿ìÁַκÎÅÍ Áö±¸·Î ´Ù½Ã ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ÀÀ½Ã¸¦ µ¹¸± ¶§±îÁö - Á¤Ä¡Àû ³íÀïµé¿¡ ÇüÀÌ»óÇÐÀ» ±× ¶§¿¡ µ¡ºÙÀÎ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. À̰Í(¿ìÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄ)Àº »çȸÀû ÁÖµµ±ÇÀ» Àâ±âÀ§ÇÑ º¸ÆíÀû ³íÀïÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Áý¿¡¼­´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °¡³­°ú Áúº´°ú Àç³­¿¡ °íÅë´çÇϸ鼭µµ ±×¸® Èûµé°Ô °ø°£¿¡ µé¿´´ø ±× ¸ðµç ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ¿ì¸®´Â ¿Ö °ÅÀú ÇãºñÇÏ¿´´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡ ?
That photo and the ethos it promoted--global, sedentary, inward-looking--were the metaphysical complement to the political arguments made at the time, and ever since, for turning our gaze from space back to earth. These are the familiar arguments about social priorities: Why are we spending all this money on space, when there is poverty and disease and suffering at home?

¼º½ÇÇÑ ½Å·Ú¾È¿¡¼­ °¡²û¾¿ Á¦±âÇÑ´Ù ÇÒ Áö¶óµµ ÀÌ·± Áú¹®Àº ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î Æ÷ÀÎÆ®°¡ ¾î±ß³­ ºÒÀ¯ÄèÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é °¡³­°ú Áúº´Àº Ç×¿ë ¾ðÁ¦³ª ¿ì¸®°ç¿¡ Ç×Á¸ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÃßÁ¤ÇØ º»´Ù¸é, ¹Ì±¹¾È¿¡¼­¸¸ °ÅÀÇ 5Á¶´Þ·¯ÀÇ µ·ÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ ¹Ì±¹³»ÀÇ °¡³­À» ÅðÄ¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²¿©Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±×·± »çȸÀû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ¶õ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ °£´ÜÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ¹®Á¦ÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ ±â¼úÀû ³­Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ÇÇÏź ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®(2Â÷´ëÀü½Ã ·çÁƮ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ¿øÀÚÆøÅº Á¦Á¶°èȹ)Àº ´ç¿¬½º·´°Ô ±×·± °íÀüÀûÀÎ ÄÉÀ̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀï¼Ó¿¡¼­ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ±â¼ú»óÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀÌ ¼ºÃëµÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¶óµð¿À¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ À̸£´Â °ÍµéÀÌ ±×·¯ÇÏ´Ù.
It is a maddening question because, while often offered in good faith, it entirely misses the point. Poverty and disease will always be with us. We have spent, by most estimates, some $5 trillion trying to abolish poverty in the United States alone. Government is simply not very good at solving social problems. But it can be extremely good at solving technical problems. The Manhattan Project is, of course, the classic case. As are the various technological advances forged in war, from radar to computers.

Ưº°ÇÑ °úÇÐÀû ´ë»óÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ±¹°¡Àû µ¿¿øÀÌ ÇÕÀǵǴ °ÍÀº °Å´ëÇÑ ¼º°øÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ »çȸÀû ´ë»óÀ» À§ÇÑ ±¹°¡Àû µ¿¿ø- °ÅÀÇ ´Ã ½Ç¸Á°ú ³¶ºñ¿Í ¿ø·¡ÀÇ ¸ñÀû°ú ¾î±ß³ª´Â °á¸»·Î ±Í°áµÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹Àº - ¿¡ ¸øÁö ¾Ê°Ô ³¯Ä«·Ó°Ô ÝïÌ·ºñ°ßµÇ´Â ÀÏÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(»çȸÀû ´ë»óÀ» À§ÇÑ ±¹°¡Àû µ¿¿ø:
´ë±Ô¸ðÀûÀÎ º¹ÁöÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé°ú À°,Ä¥½Ê´ëµéÀÇ ¿¬±ÝÀÇ ±Ç¸®°°Àº °ÍÀÌ ºú¾î³»´Â ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¹× ÀÏÅ»°°Àº Çö»ó - ÁÂÀ͵éÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ µ·À» ÅÁÁøÇÏ´À´Ï ±×·± ÂÊÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
Concerted national mobilization for a specific scientific objective can have great success. This is in sharp contrast to national mobilization for social objectives, which almost invariably ends in disappointment, waste, and unintended consequences (such as the dependency and deviancy spawned by the massive welfare programs and entitlements of the sixties and the seventies--the Left's preferred destination for the resources supposedly squandered on space).

±×·¯³ª °¡³­ÇÑ »çȸ°úÇÐÀÇ Ã³Áö¿Í ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ´É·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÙÒ×âú°¸ôÀÌÇØµé º¸´Ù ´õ ºÐÅëÀÌ ÅÍÁö´Â °ÍÀº °æÀÌ·Ó°í ¿µ±¤½º·± ¿ìÁÖ°ø°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¼¼´ë¿¡°Ô Á¦°øµÈ µ¶Æ¯¹«ÀÌÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦ ÇâÇϴ ù¼¼´ë°¡ µÈ Áö±¸ÀεéÀÇ ÀϰüµÈ Ññô鳭ûÀÌ´Ù.
Ç༺µéÀÌ Ã³À½À¸·Î ÀηùÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ÀâÈ÷°Ô µÈ 21¼¼±â Àüȯ±â¿¡ »ì¸é¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô Àå¾öÇϱ⠱×Áö¾øÀ» ¿ìÁּů²»ç¾÷À» ÇâÇØ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ü ¸»Àΰ¡ ?
But more exasperating than the poor social science and the misapprehension about the real capacities of government is the tone- deafness of the earth-firsters to the wonder and glory of space, and to the unique opportunity offered this generation. How can one live at the turn of the 21st century, when the planets are for the first time within our grasp, and not be moved by the grandeur of the enterprise?

³ª»ç´ç±¹Àº ¿ìÁÖÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ±àÁ¤È­¸¦ À§ÇØ °úÇаú ±â¼ú°³¹ß¿¡ µû¸¥ È¿°úµé¿¡ °üÇØ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ¹«Á߷»óŰ¡ »À¿¡¼­ Ä®½·ÀÌ ¼Õ½ÇµÇ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í °°Àº °øºÎ´Â ÁÁÀº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·± ÇàÅ´ Äɳ׵ð ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¿ìÁÖ°èȹ ½ÃÀÛ¼±¾ðÀÇ µÚ¿¡ °¨ÃßÀÎ µ¿·ÂÀÇ ÈûÀ» °ÅÀÇ ¾Ë¾ÆÃ¤Áö ¸øÇÑ ÁþÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù. '¿ì¸®µéÀº ´Þ³ª¶ó·Î °¡±â·Î °áÁ¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù.' À̰ÍÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¿Ö ¸¦ ¹¯±â îñ¿¡ ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ »ç¶÷À̶õ ÀÎÁ¾Àû Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ¿ìÁÖÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° Àå¼Ò·Î ÇâÇÏ´Â ¸ðÇèÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀ̾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù .
NASA administrators like to talk about science and spinoffs to justify the space program. Well, the study of bone decalcification in near-earth weightlessness is fine, but it is hardly the motor force behind President Kennedy's ringing declaration, 'We choose to go to the Moon.' That is not why we, as a people and as a species, ventured into the cosmos in the first place.

Å×Èķаú Á¾ÀÌÀÇ ¹ß¸íµµ ÁÁ´Ù. ¹°°ÇÆÄ´Â °÷¿¡¼­´Â ÈξÀ Á¤Ä¡Àû È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×µéÀº ¹«¾ùÀÌ Æ÷ÀÎÆ®ÀÎÁö °ÅÀÇ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®µéÀº ÁÒÁö ¸Ö·ÎÀ̰¡ ¿¡¹ö·¹½ºÆ®µîÁ¤¿¡ ¿À¸¥ °Í°ú °°Àº ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ÇâÇØ ³¯·Á ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðÇèÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿©, ³¶¸¸À» ÇâÇÏ¿©, ¹«ÀÍÇÔÀÇ ¸¶´çÀ» ÇâÇÑ ¸ðÇèÀ̶õ ¾ó±â¼³±â½º·± ¸¸¿ëÀ» À§ÇØ !
Teflon and pagers are nice, too, and perhaps effective politically in selling space. But they are hardly the point. We are going into space for the same reason George Mallory climbed Everest: Because it is there. For the adventure, for the romance, for the sheer temerity of ventur ing into the void.

´ÞÀ» ¹âÀº °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â ±¹°¡Àû ½É¸®ÀûÀÎ ÇãÅ»°¨ ¼Ó¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿ì¸®´Â ±× ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖŽÇè¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ëÈ­´Â ½Ã´ëÂø¿ÀÀûÀÌ°í ³«ÈÄµÈ µíÀÌ ¿©°ÜÁø´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏÀÚ´Â °Ô³Ä ?
¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ò¢øÁÀ» ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Ãà¼Ò½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Áö±¸±Ëµµ¿¡¼­ ´ýºí¸µ(°øÁßÁ¦ºñ)Çϸ鼭 »ï½Ê³âÀ̳ª Çã¼ÛÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â Áß·Â Á¦·Î »óŰ¡ ÁÖ´Â ¸Þ½º²¨¿ò µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àü¹®°¡ ¼öÁØÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿µ±¤½º·± ¹«ÀÍÇÔ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¸ðÇèÇÒ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ °ª½Î°Ô ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù. Ãà¼ÒµÈ ±¹°¡Àû ÀÇÁö¿¡ ¹ß¸ÂÃß±â À§ÇØ ±×¸®°í Ãà¼ÒµÈ Ž»ç¿ë ¹è±Þ¿¡ ¿ÁÁ˾îÁ³´Ù.
And yet, amid the national psychic letdown that followed the moon landings and is still with us today, that kind of talk seems archaic, anachronistic. So what do we do? We radically contract our horizons. We spend three decades tumbling about in near-earth orbit. We become expert in zero-G nausea and other fascinations. And when we do venture out into the glorious void, we do it on the very cheap, to accommodate the diminished national will and the pinched national resources allocated for exploration.

³ª»ç´ã´çÀÚ ´Ù´Ï¿¤ °ñµòÀÌ 'ºü¸£°Ô, ³´°Ô, Àú·ÅÇϰÔ' ±¸È£¸¦ ³»°É°í Á¢±ÙÇß´ø ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±×°¡ ±×·¸°Ô °­¿ä¹Þ¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ 10¾ï ´Þ·¯Â¥¸® ½ÃÇè±â¿Í ½ÇÇèÀåÄ¡, ÀåºñÀÚÀçµéÀ» º¸³Â´Ù°¡ Ãß¶ô½Ãų °æ¿ì (1993³â È­¼º°üÃø¼±¿¡ ±×·± ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù.), ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ²ø¾î³½ ¸ðµç Áýȸµé¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÈÄ¿øÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®´Â ºÎ´ãÀÌ »ý±æ °æ¿ì ¸¦ Á¤È®È÷ µÎ·Á¿öÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¸Å¹øÀÇ ¹ß»ç¿¡¸¶´Ù ÆÇµ·À» Àû°Ô °É¾î¾ß ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±×Àú °ª½Î°Ô ÈξÀ ºÎ¼­Áö±â ½±°Ô ¸¸µç ½ÃÇè±âµéÀ» ¶ç¿ì´Â Àü¼ú ¿Ü¿¡´Â ±×¿¡°Õ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¿©Áö°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. È­¼º Æú¶ó(±ØÁ¡) Âø·ú±âÀÇ ½ÃÇè±â°¡ ±× ¿¹¿´´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
The reason NASA administrator Daniel Goldin adopted the 'faster, better, cheaper' approach is that he was forced to. He was rightly afraid that when you send a $1 billion probe loaded with experiments and hardware and it fails (as happened to the Mars Observer in 1993), you risk losing your entire congressional backing--and your entire program. He had little choice but to adopt a strategy of sending cheaper but more vulnerable probes in order to lessen the stakes riding on each launch. Probes like the Mars Polar Lander.
----
ÀÌÇÏ »ý·«
Charles Krauthammer is a syndicated columnist for the Washington Post, an essayist for Time, and a contributing editor to The Weekly Standard.


½ºÇǸ´ÀÌ ÂïÀº È­¼º »çÁø »çÀÌÆ®
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/press/spirit/

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http://www.nasa.gov/externalflash/m2k4/frameset.html

ºí·¢È¦ 3D ºñµð¿À
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/bh_launch_page.html

º°µéÀÌ Åº»ýÇÏ´Â Àå¸é
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/spitzer/spitzer-011304-480-340.jpg

ÀºÇϰè¿Í º°µé »çÁø
http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/54350main_MM_image_feature_101_jw4.jpg



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