2-7-14
Cultural subsidies in France are ubiquitous. Producers of just about any non-pornographic movie can get an advance from the government against box-office receipts (most loans are never fully repaid). Proceeds from an 11% tax on cinema tickets are plowed back into subsidies. Canal Plus, the country's leading pay-TV channel, must spend 20% of its revenues buying rights to French movies. By law, 40% of shows on TV and music on radio must be French. Separate quotas govern prime time hours to ensure that French programming is not relegated to the middle of the night. The government provides special tax breaks for freelance workers in the performing arts. Painters and sculptors can get subsidized studio space. The state also runs a shadow program out of the Foreign Ministry that goes far beyond the cultural efforts of other major countries. France spends planeloads of artists, performers and their works abroad, and it subsidizes 148 cultural groups, 26 research centers and 176 archaeological digs overseas.
With all those advantages, why don't French cultural offerings fare better abroad? One problem is that many of them are in French, now merely the world's 12th most widely spoken language (Chinese is first, English second). Worse still, the major organs of cultural criticisms and publicity--the global buzz machine--are increasingly based in the U.S. and Britain. 'In the '40s and '50s, everybody knew France was the center of the art scene, and you had to come here to get noticed,' 'Now you have to go to New York.'

A. 어휘
subsidy 보조금. ubiquitous 두루 퍼져 있는, 도처에 존재하는.
advance 선불, 前渡金(전도금). receipt 수익금, 領收(영수).
against box-office receipts 극장 매표 수입금을 담보로 해서. loan 대출.
proceeds 수입금, 매상고. plow back (이익을) 재투자하다.
pay-TV channel 유료 TV 채널. revenue 수익, 稅入(세입), 총수입, 소득총액.
spend. . . ing 에 돈을 쓰다.
buying rights to French movies 프랑스영화 방영권을 구매하는 데에.
separate 각각의. quotas 할당제. govern 지배하다, 통치하다.
govern prime time hours to ensure that. . . that이하를 보장하기 위하여 프라임 타임 시간을 지정한다. French programming 프랑스작품방영.
relegate (낮은 지위로)내 쫓기다, 추방하다. tax breaks 세금우대조치. sculptor 조각가. subsidized studio space 정부보조금을 받는 스튜디오.
subsidized는 studio space를 수식하는 과거분사의 형용사적 용법.
shadow program 보호계획(보호제도). planeloads of 매우 많은.
archaeological digs 고고학적 발굴. overseas 해외에서.
with all those advantages 그 모든 이점에도 불구하고.
offerings (신에 대한)奉納(봉납), 공물, 선사품. fare (음식을)대접받다, 잘 지내다.
most widely spoken language 가장 널리 쓰이는 언어. major organs 주요 기관들.
criticism 비평. publicity 평판, 공개, 선전.
the global buzz machine 세계의 비평-홍보 기구. buzz 윙윙거리는 소리.
increasingly 점점 더 많이. art scene 예술계. get noticed 주목을 받다. get+p.p.→동작 수동태.

B. 구문
-worse still =What is worse still= 더욱더 불리한 것은. still은 비교급강조부사.

2-8-15
Another problem may be the subsidies, which critics say ensure mediocrity. In his widely discussed book On Culture in America, former French attache Frederic Martel marvels at how the U.S. can produce so much 'high' culture of lofty quality with hardly any government support. He concludes that subsidy policies like France's discourage private participants--and money--from entering the cultural space. Martel observes: 'If the Culture Ministry is nowhere to be found, cultural life is everywhere.'*
How to make France a cultural giant again? One place to start is the education system, where a series of reforms over the years has crowded the arts out of the curriculum. 'One learns to read at school, one doesn't learn to see,' complains Pierre Rosengerg, a former director of the Louvre museum. To that end, Sarkozy has proposed an expansion of art-history courses for high schoolers. He has also promised measures to entice more of them to pursue the literature baccalaureate program. Once the most popular course of study, it is now far outstripped by the science and economics-sociology options. 'We need literary people, pupils who can master speech and reason,' says Education Minister Xavier Darcos. 'They are always in demand.'

A. 어휘
subsidy 보조금. critics 비평가들. mediocrity 보통, 평범, 평범한 재능(사람).
widely discussed book 널리 논의되고 있는 책. discussed 는 형용사로 쓰인 과거분사.
former French attache 前 프랑스 대사관원. marvel at 에 경탄하다. lofty 매우 높은, 고상한.
with hardly any government support 정부의 지원이 거의 없이도.
discourage...from 을 하지 못하게 기를 죽이다. private participants 민간 참여자.
cultural space 문화계. observe 소견을 말하다. 비평하다. 관찰하다.
nowhere 아무데서도. . .않다.(부사). crowd out 밀어내다.
a series of reforms 일련의 개혁조치들. over the years 지난 몇 년간(세월)에 걸쳐.
to that end 그 목적을 위해. expansion 확장. measure 조치. entice 유인하다.
baccalaureate 학사학위. is outstripped 추월 당하다. economics 경제학.
sociology 사회학. speech and reason 연설법과 논리. demand 수요.

B. 구문
-which critics say ensure mediocrity.
[그것(보조금지급)은 평범한 재능(재능이 평범한 사람들의 평범한 작품)만을 보장해 줄뿐이라고 보조금지급을 비판하는 사람들은 말한다.]
cf. which는 subsidies를 지칭하고 critics say는 삽입절. which를 받는 동사는 ensure.
-if the Culture Ministry is nowhere to be found
문화부가 어디에도 없다면.
is to be found=can be found.
be+부정사(to+V)→가능, 예정, 의지, 운명 등의 의미가 있음.
is nowhere to be found 어디에서도 찾을 수 없다.
-like France's 프랑스의 보조금지급정책 같은. France's (subsidy policies).

2-9-16
A more difficult task will be to change French thinking. Though it is perilous to generalize about 60 million people, there is a strain in the national mind-set that distrusts commercial success. Opinion polls show that more young French aspire to government jobs than to careers in business. 'Americans think that if artists are successful, they must be good,' says Quemin. 'We think that if they're successful, they're too commercial. Success is considered bad taste.'

A. 어휘
French thinking 프랑스인들의 사고방식. perilous 위험한.
generalize 一般化(일반화)하다.
strain 경향, 특질, 종족, 혈통, 팽팽하게 하다, 잡아당기다, 노력하다.
mind-set 정신상태, 마음의 자세, 정신태도(경향). distrust 불신하다.
opinion poll 여론조사. poll 투표. aspire 열망하다. government jobs 公職(공직).
careers in business 민간직장. career 생애, 경력. bad taste 천한 것.