32-3-143
 More fuel is being used by fleets all round the world, and falling fish stocks are 'the major driver', says Peter Tyedmers, an economist at Dalhousie University in Canada. Nova Scotian fishing records stretching back to the 1930s show that today's boats burn over four times more fuel to catch a tonne of fish, despite having far more efficient engines. Most of the fisheries that he has studied are burning more fuel than 50 years ago.
  Availability matters. Herring fishermen in Canada may use only 30 litres of fuel to catch a tonne of fish, because they can throw their nets nearer to home (a practice so cheap that herring is used as lobster bait). European herring fishermen burn 100 litres a tonne, even when using the same (highly fuel-efficient) technique of throwing a purse seine net round a school of fish. Fishing methods matter, too. It takes lots of fuel to pull a heavy net behind a trawler, or tow long lines with hooks for prey like tuna: figures of 3,000 litres of fuel per tonne of fish are common.
  Many European fleets are shaped by business choices made when diesel was cheap. The biggest supertrawlers can be crewed by only 20 men: essentially they have substituted fuel for labour. The Netherlands has some of the world's most efficient trawlers for flatfish, in terms of tonnes caught per vessel in a day--but they drink fuel at a fearsome rate. Yet unlike the French or Spanish fishermen who demand fuel subsidies, Dutch fishermen know such aid is not on the table, says Albert Vermue, director of fisheries for the Dutch government. 'Subsidising fuel does not tackle the root of the problem,' he says. Instead, fishermen must find different ways to catch fish.

A. 어휘
Nova Scotia  캐나다 동남부의 반도, 그 州(주).
stretching back to the 1930s. 1930년대까지 거슬러 올라가는.
efficient 능률적인. availability 효율성. herring 청어. practice 영업상태, 관례.
lobster 바닷가재. bait 미끼. purse seine net [어업용의] 巾着網(건착망), 후릿그물.
school [물고기, 고래 따위의] 떼 (shoal). trawler 트롤船(선). cf. trawl 底引網(저인망).
tow long lines 배에 달고 끌고 가는 긴 낚싯줄. hook 낚싯바늘, 갈고리.
prey 희생물, 낚시 대상. tuna 참치. figure 합계한 數(수), 숫자.
crew 승무원을 배치하다.
substituted fuel for labour 人力(인력)을 연료로 대체하다. (사람 대신 기름을 쓰다).
flatfish 넙치, 가자미. vessel 배, 선박. Dutch 네덜란드의, 네덜란드 사람.
tackle ...과 대결하다.

B. 구문
  - More fuel is being used . . . 'the major driver',
  [전 세계적으로 더 많은 기름이 사용되고 있으며 줄어들고 있는 魚族資源(어족자원)이 기름을 더 많이 쓰도록 부추기고 있다. (어족자원이 줄어들어 고기를 찾아 더 멀리 나가야 하기 때문에 동일한 양의 고기를 잡는 데도 기름이 전 보다 더 많이 든다.)]
  - Many European fleets . . .  diesel was cheap.
  [유럽의 많은 船團(선단)은 디젤기름이 저렴할 때에 이루어진 사업선택에 의해 형성되었다.]

32-4-144
Collusion at the quayside
And the single exception in the fishermen's list of terrible ideas? It may be worth investigating why some EU fish prices have fallen this year, despite rising costs. Partly it is because wild fish are so easily substituted, robbing fishermen of market power. When Europe's fish becomes more expensive, consumers can swap to farmed pangasius (catfish) or tilapia from Asia, or just buy chicken. But there is also a whiff of collusion among big middlemen in some European auctions.
  Fishermen should be able to charge a premium for their fish, but too many lose interest once the catch is landed, says one official. A bit more collaboration among fishermen on joint marketing and labelling could help. But fishermen are by nature hunters and individualists, he says; it is hard to persuade even brothers in a single fishing family to co-operate.
  Europe's fishermen (and their descendants) may yet have a viable industry. But to create one will involve ignoring their de-mands for help. The signs are that high fuel costs are structural, so that temporary aid will only put off the pain of making changes. That will remain true no matter how many cars are overturned or windows smashed in Brussels.

A. 어휘
collusion 共謀(공모). quayside 부두지역. exception 예외. despite ...임에도 불구하고.
wild fish 바다(자연산)물고기. swap 와 물물교환하다. 대체하다. catfish  메기.
whiff 확 풍겨 오는 냄새. middleman 중개인. auction 경매. premium 할증금.
collaboration 合作(합작). persuade 설득하다. descendant 後孫(후손). yet 그런데도.
viable 생활력이 있는, 생존에 적합한. structural 構造的(구조적)인.
the signs are that . . . 徵候(징후)는 that 이하와 같다.
temporary 일시적인, 暫定(잠정)의. put off 연기하다. smash 박살내다.

B. 구문
  - wild fish are . . . of market power.
   cf. robbing→ and rob
  [야생물고기는 다른 것으로 대단히 쉽게 대체될 수 있으며 이것은 어부들의 시장지배력을 박탈해 버린다.(어부들이 잡은 물고기가 비싸면 소비자는 다른 것을 사 먹을 수 있기 때문에 시장에 대한 어부들이 행사할 수 있는 힘도 상실되어 버린다.)]