38. Postcard: Galilee. (TIME May 7, 2007)
Nearly 100 years after its establishment, Israel's oldest kibbutz has voted to shed its socialist principles.

Why life on the communal farm was not all it was cracked to be by Tim Mcgirk

38-1-158
When Israel's oldest kibbutz, Degania, announced that it was giving up its socialist ideals and going private--members could own homes and earn salaries based on how hard they worked--few other than the kibbutzniks themselves were happy. For many Israelis, Degania was a symbol of rosier days, a Zionist idyll of honest work and camaraderie. But for those who called it home, the kibbutz had become an anachronism as rusty as the battered farm tools on display for tourists. Today, the younger generation of kibbutzniks pines for individualism. Tamara Gal-Sarai gazes out over the kibbutz lawn until her eyes settle on the blue-white shimmer of the Sea of Galilee. 'The Israeli press blames us for killing their utopia,' she says. 'It was as if we'd destroyed a national treasure.'
That treasure was Israel's self-image. After independence in 1948, the kibbutzniks were seen as the new breed of Israeli. They discarded Europe's deathly pallor and became bronzed, idealistic pioneers. Degania, which had been founded in 1910 by 12 Jews escaping Russian prosecution, was the ideal. Its members were beset by malaria, cattle thieves and bouts of self-doubt. Yet they greened the stony hills with citrus groves. At night in the communal dining hall they argued passionately over the grand themes of the late 20th century: the individual vs. the group, capitalism vs. socialism, religion. (It wasn't until last year that the kibbutzniks of Degania, ardent Zionists, voted to build a synagogue.)
Only 1.7% of Israelis live on kibbutzim, but their influence pervades life and culture. For years, kibbutzniks were the nation's heroes. Moshe Dayan, Defense Minister during the Six-Day War, was born in Degania, and many military leaders and legislators also emerged from the kibbutzim. The kibbutz was a socialist dream. But Degania's manager, Tzali Koperstein, says, 'From the start, it was never equal. It was a fake equality.' Some toiled hard in Degania's diamond-cutting tool factory and in the fields; others slacked off. And as Israeli society began to value creativity and free enterprise over socialism, Degania lagged behind.

A. 어휘
establishment 설립. kibbutz 이스라엘의 집단농장. shed-shed-shed 벗어 던지다.
communal 공동체의. crack 자랑하다.
all it was cracked to be [그렇게] 될 것이라고 자랑하였던 그 모든 것.
give up 포기하다. go private 私有(사유)가 되다. other than ...를 제외하고.
rosy 장미 빛의, 유망한. zionist 시온주의자. cf. zion 시온의 언덕[예루살렘 神殿(신전)이 있었던 성지], 신의 選民(선민), 이스라엘 사람. [유대인의 고국으로서의]팔레스티나.
idyll 牧歌(목가), 田園詩(전원시)적인 풍경, 목가적인 理想鄕(이상향).
camaraderie 우정, 우애. anachronism 시대착오. rusty 녹슨, 쓸모 없게 된.
batter 망가뜨리다, 연달아 치다. on display 展示(전시)중인. pine for 사모하다.
gaze 응시하다. lawn 잔디밭. shimmer 아른아른 하는 빛. 희미한 빛. treasure 보물.
independence 독립. breed 種(종), 品種(품종). Israeli 이스라엘人(인). discard 버리다.
deathly 죽음 같은. pallor 창백함. bronzed 적갈색의, 단단해진.
found-founded-founded 설립하다. Jew 유태인. the prosecution 검찰당국.
cf. prosecution 起訴(기소). beset-beset-beset 포위하다, 습격하다.
cattle thieves 가축 도둑들. bout 발작, 한 차례. citrus 감귤류. grove 작은 숲.
theme 주제. ardent 열렬한. synagogue 유대 교회당. pervade ...에 온통 퍼지다.
defense minister 국방장관. military 軍(군)의. legislator 입법자. emerge 출현하다.
equal 평등한. fake 가짜의, 위조의. toil 악착같이 일하다. slack off 게을리 하다.
Israeli 이스라엘의. enterprise 기업정신, 企業(기업). lag behind 뒤로 처지다.

B. 구문
-few other than . . .happy.
[키부츠에 사는 사람이외는 거의 누구도 기뻐하지 않았다. (키부츠사람들만 기뻐하였다.]
- It was as if we'd destroyed . . . treasure.
cf. as if→ 가정법과거완료 조건절.[if+주어+had+pp. 과거사실의 반대를 가정].
[ 그것은 우리가 마치 국가의 보물을 파괴한 것처럼 보였다.]
-It wasn't until last year that. . .→It is(was) . . . that 강조구문
[ that 이하가 된 것은 바로 작년이었다]

38-2-159
Once, everyone earned the same wage, did the jobs they were assigned, and kibbutz elders held the purse strings. Now, says Degania's manager, 'We are still protecting the weak, but everyone has the responsibility of earning their own living.' Some naive kibbutzniks, he says, need to be taught how to open a bank account and use an ATM card. Elders learned a lesson in capitalism that any kid with a lemonade stand could have taught them: the individual works harder for himself than for the collective. Factory output has jumped.
The kibbutz experiment failed for other reasons. Israeli youth felt stifled and left. 'Kibbutz life is peaceful and rich,' says Koperstein. 'But it came at a high price. You gave up individual needs. The idea of having someone telling you what to think, what to study, what work to do--it's like having four walls closing you in.' In some kibbutzim (not Degania), children were separated from parents and raised in collective dormitories. Says Gal-Sarai: 'Kibbutzniks from the other places are bringing good business to Tel Aviv's shrinks.' Koperstein, who was not raised at Degania, recalls the time when, at age 7, he woke from a nightmare in the dorm and ran home through the darkness to be comforted by his parents. 'At 3 a.m., the wardens came knocking on the door to bring me back. I couldn't raise my kids that way,' he says.
Degania's elders don't consider the departure from socialism a failure. 'Many Israelis see us as yet another broken symbol,' says the kibbutz manager. 'But we don't feel that. For us, it's an evolution. We had to change.'

A. 어휘
assign 할당하다. elder 長老(장로). string 끈. protect 보호하다.
the responsibility of earning their own living 그들 자신의 생활비를 벌어들이는 책임.
naive 훈련을 받은 적이 없는, 순진한. stand 매점, 露店(노점). the collective 집단.
output 생산. stifle 질식하다. separate 분리하다. dormitory 기숙사. raise 양육하다.
Tel Aviv 이스라엘의 수도[本文(본문)에서는 이스라엘을 상징]. shrink 萎縮(위축).
dorm=dormitory. warden 관리인, 교도소장, 간수. departure 떠남, 逸脫(일탈).
evolution 進化(진화).

B. 구문
- Once, everyone earned the same. . . the purse strings.
[한 때는 모든 사람들이 똑 같이 일을 해서 돈을 벌었고 할당받은 일을 하였고 키부츠의 장로들이 돈의 관리를 하였다.]
- it's like four walls closing you in.
[그 것은 마치 4개의 벽이 당신을 둘러싸고 있는 것 같습니다.]