41. Mandela (TIME Wednesday, Jul. 09, 2008)
His 8 Lessons of Leadership

As he celebrates his 90th birthday, the world's greatest moral leader reflects on a lifetime of service--and what the rest of us can learn from it.
____________________
By RICHARD STENGEL

Though Mandela has retreated from the public stage, the 90-year-old still speaks out, as he did in condemning Zimbabwe's Mugabe.

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Nelson Mandela has always felt most at ease around children, and in some ways his greatest deprivation was that he spent 27 years without hearing a baby cry or holding a child's hand. Last month, when I visited Mandela in Johannesburg-- a frailer, foggier Mandela than the one I used to know -- his first instinct was to spread his arms to my two boys. Within seconds they were hugging the friendly old man who asked them what sports they liked to play and what they'd had for breakfast. While we talked, he held my son Gabriel, whose complicated middle name is Rolihlahla, Nelson Mandela's real first name. He told Gabriel the story of that name, how in Xhosa it translates as 'pulling down the branch of a tree' but that its real meaning is 'troublemaker.'
As he celebrates his 90th birthday next week, Nelson Mandela has made enough trouble for several lifetimes. He liberated a country from a system of violent prejudice and helped unite white and black, oppressor and oppressed, in a way that had never been done before. In the 1990s I worked with Mandela for almost two years on his autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. After all that time spent in his company, I felt a terrible sense of withdrawal when the book was done; it was like the sun going out of one's life. We have seen each other occasionally over the years, but I wanted to make what might be a final visit and have my sons meet him one more time.

A. 어휘
celebrate 축하하다. retreat 물러나다, 후퇴하다. condemn 책망하다.
feel at ease 편안함을 느끼다. deprivation 剝奪(박탈), 손실. frail 약한.
foggy 몽롱한, 안개 낀. instinct 본능. complicated 복잡한. Xhosa 속사語(어).
prejudice 편견. white and black 백인과 흑인. oppressor 壓迫者(압박자).
the oppressed 피압박자. cf. the+형용사→복수보통명사. autobiography 自敍傳(자서전).
company 교제, 동반, 친구. withdrawal 물러나기, 취소, 철수. occasionally 가끔.

B. 구문
- helped unite=helped to unite
- all that time spent in his company
[[그를 同伴(동반)해서 함께 보낸 그 모든 시간]
- I wanted to make . . . one more time.
[마지막이 될지도 모를 방문을 해서 내 아들들이 그를 한 번 더 만나보기를 원하였다]

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I also wanted to talk to him about leadership. Mandela is the closest thing the world has to a secular saint, but he would be the first to admit that he is something far more pedestrian: a politician. He overthrew apartheid and created a nonracial democratic South Africa by knowing precisely when and how to transition between his roles as warrior, martyr, diplomat and statesman. Uncomfortable with abstract philosophical concepts, he would often say to me that an issue 'was not a question of principle; it was a question of tactics.' He is a master tactician.
Mandela is no longer comfortable with inquiries or favors. He's fearful that he may not be able to summon what people expect when they visit a living deity, and vain enough to care that they not think him diminished. But the world has never needed Mandela's gifts-- as a tactician, as an activist and, yes, as a politician-- more, as he showed again in London on June 25, when he rose to condemn the savagery of Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe. As we enter the main stretch of a historic presidential campaign in America, there is much that he can teach the two candidates. I've always thought of what you are about to read as Madiba's Rules (Madiba, his clan name, is what everyone close to him calls him), and they are cobbled together from our conversations old and new and from observing him up close and from afar. They are mostly practical. Many of them stem directly from his personal experience. All of them are calibrated to cause the best kind of trouble: the trouble that forces us to ask how we can make the world a better place.

A. 어휘
secular 비종교적인, 세속적인. saint 聖人(성인). pedestrian 보행자(세속적인 사람).
overthrow 顚覆(전복)하다. apartheid 인종차별정책. nonracial 非인종주의적인.
precisely 정확히. transition 變遷(변천)하다. warrior 군인, 투사. martyr 순교자.
diplomat 외교관. abstract 추상적인. concept 개념. tactics 전술, 策略(책략).
inquiry 문의, 조사. favor 寵愛(총애), 호의.
summon [용기 등을]불러일으키다, 소환하다. deity 神. vain 허영심이 강한.
diminished 적어진, 축소된. condemn 비난하다. savagery 야만, 잔인.
stretch [시간, 거리의] 길이, 기간. presidential campaign 대통령 選擧戰(선거전).
candidate 후보. clan 씨족, 一族(일족), 部族(부족). cobble 꿰매다.
stem from 유래하다. calibrate 측정하다.

B. 구문
- Mandela is the closest . . . a secular saint.
[만델라는 현재 세계에서 세속적인 인물로서 성인에 가장 가까운 사람이다]
- Uncomfortable→Being uncomfortable→As he is uncomfortable
- He's fearful that . . . as a politician--more
[그는 사람들이 살아 있는 神을 방문할 때 그들이 기대하는 것에 符應(부응)하지 못할 가능성을 두려워하고 그들이 그를 이제는 작아진 존재로 생각하지 못하도록 신경을 쓸 만큼 허영심이 강하기도 하다. 그러나 세계는 책략가로서, 활동가로서 그리고 분명히 정치가로서의 그의 재능을 지금보다도 더 많이 필요로 한 때는 없었다.]