41-11-177
I did start asking smarter questions, but the message was clear: Life is never either/or. Decisions are complex, and there are always competing factors. To look for simple explanations is the bias of the human brain, but it doesn't correspond to reality. Nothing is ever as straightforward as it appears.
Mandela is comfortable with contradiction. As a politician, he was a pragmatist who saw the world as infinitely nuanced. Much of this, I believe, came from living as a black man under an apartheid system that offered a daily regimen of excruciating and debilitating moral choices: Do I defer to the white boss to get the job I want and avoid a punishment? Do I carry my pass?
As a statesman, Mandela was uncommonly loyal to Muammar Gaddafi and Fidel Castro. They had helped the ANC when the U.S. still branded Mandela as a terrorist. When I asked him about Gaddafi and Castro, he suggested that Americans tend to see things in black and white, and he would upbraid me for my lack of nuance. Every problem has many causes. While he was indisputably and clearly against apartheid, the causes of apartheid were complex. They were historical, sociological and psychological. Mandela's calculus was always, What is the end that I seek, and what is the most practical way to get there?

A. 어휘
smart 영리한. either/or 兩者擇一(양자택일). complex 복잡한.
competing factors 상호 경쟁적인 요인들. bias 偏見(편견), 先入觀(선입관).
correspond to 일치하다, 부합하다. straightforward 간단한, 똑바로 나가는.
contradiction 모순. pragmatist 실용주의자. infinitely 무한히. nuance 미묘한 차이.
regimen 살아가는 방법, 양생법, 攝生(섭생). excruciating 심한 고통을 주는.
debilitate 쇠약하게 하다. defer to [남의 의견에] 따르다, 경의를 표하다.
avoid 피하다. punishment 처벌. pass 통행증. loyal 충의가 있는, 충성스러운.
Muammar Gaddafi 리비아의 독재자. Fidel Castro 쿠바의 공산주의 독재자.
brand 낙인을 찍다. upbraid 꾸짖다. indisputably 명백히, 異論(이론)의 여지가 없는.
calculus 고등수학적 계산법. end 목적. practical way 실제적인.

41-12-178
No. 8
Quitting is leading too
In 1993, Mandela asked me if I knew of any countries where the minimum voting age was under 18. I did some research and presented him with a rather undistinguished list: Indonesia, Cuba, Nicaragua, North Korea and Iran. He nodded and uttered his highest praise: 'Very good, very good.' Two weeks later, Mandela went on South African television and proposed that the voting age be lowered to 14. 'He tried to sell us the idea,' recalls Ramaphosa, 'but he was the only [supporter]. And he had to face the reality that it would not win the day. He accepted it with great humility. He doesn't sulk. That was also a lesson in leadership.'
Knowing how to abandon a failed idea, task or relationship is often the most difficult kind of decision a leader has to make. In many ways, Mandela's greatest legacy as President of South Africa is the way he chose to leave it. When he was elected in 1994, Mandela probably could have pressed to be President for life-- and there were many who felt that in return for his years in prison, that was the least South Africa could do.
In the history of Africa, there have been only a handful of democratically elected leaders who willingly stood down from office. Mandela was determined to set a precedent for all who followed him-- not only in South Africa but across the rest of the continent. He would be the anti-Mugabe, the man who gave birth to his country and refused to hold it hostage. 'His job was to set the course,' says Ramaphosa, 'not to steer the ship.' He knows that leaders lead as much by what they choose not to do as what they do.
Ultimately, the key to understanding Mandela is those 27 years in prison. The man who walked onto Robben Island in 1964 was emotional, headstrong, easily stung. The man who emerged was balanced and disciplined. He is not and never has been introspective. I often asked him how the man who emerged from prison differed from the willful young man who had entered it. He hated this question. Finally, in exasperation one day, he said, 'I came out mature.' There is nothing so rare-- or so valuable -- as a mature man. Happy birthday, Madiba.

A. 어휘
quitting 포기하는 것. minimum 최소, 최저. voting age 투표연령.
present 제출하다. undistinguished 평범한, 눈에 띄지 않는. utter 말하다.
praise 칭찬. humility 卑下(비하), 겸손. sulk 뿌루퉁해지다, 골 부리다.
legacy 遺産(유산), 유물. in return ...에 대한 보답으로. willingly 기꺼이.
determine 결정하다. set a precedent 先例(선례)를 세우다. hostage 인질.
set the course 진로를 정하다. ultimately 궁극적으로. headstrong 고집불통의.
sting-stung-stung 감정을 상하다, 자극하다, 괴롭히다, 찌르다.
discipline 훈령(훈육)하다. introspective 內省的(내성적)인. willful 고집 센.
exasperation 안달, 분개. in exasperation 화가 나서. mature 성숙한.

B. 구문
- He would be the anti-Mugabe . . . hold it hostage.
[그는 무가베와는 정 반대가 되는 사람, 나라를 탄생시켰지만 그 나라를 인질로 잡고 평생 권력을 누리기를 거부하는 그런 사람이 될 것이다.]
-leaders lead as much . . . as what they do.
[지도자는 행동을 하지 않음으로써 행동하는 것만큼 지도할 수 있다.]