Obituary
47. Alexander Solzhenitsyn
(Aug 7th 2008 From The Economist print edition)

Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Russian author and dissident, died on August 3rd, aged 89

47-1-200
PEOPLE knew it was there: the vast amazing country of Gulag which, “though scattered in an Archipelago geographically, was, in the psychological sense, fused into a continentan almost invisible, almost imperceptible country.?? Trains went in, and people were sent to administer it from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. But until Alexander Solzhenitsyn had spent eight years there, laying bricks and smelting metal in the intensest heat and cold, hearing fellow-inmates, like rats, stealing his food in the dark, wearing wrist-crushing handcuffs for the least infraction, this land was not fully revealed to the outside world. ??The Gulag Archipelago?? was a book carried out of the camps ??on the skin of my back??, to bear witness on behalf of everyone still inside.
Its appearance, in 1973, immediately led to his expulsion from the Soviet Union. But his work was done. He had exposed the fissures in the system, a truth-telling that had begun, 11 years earlier during the Khrushchev thaw, with the publication in Novy Mir of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich??. That tale began with the cacophony of reveille for the prisoners, ??sounded by the blows of a hammer on a length of rail?? through windows coated in frost two fingers thick. With that banging, even through their imperviousness, the Russian people began to stir to the evils of the cult of personality under which they had lived for too longafter this, though with desperate slowness, the disintegration of the Soviet state was only a matter of time.

A. 어휘
obituary 사망기사. author 著者(저자).
dissident 의견을 달리하는 사람, 반대자, 반체제인물. amazing 놀라운.
scatter 흩뿌리다, 撒布(살포)하다. archipelago 群島(군도). geographically 지리적으로.
in the psychological sense 심리적인 의미에서. fuse 녹이다, 融解(융해)시키다.
invisible 눈에 보이지 않는. imperceptible 지각할 수 없는, 극히 적은.
administer 관리하다. the Ministry of Internal Affairs 內務省(내무성).
smelt [광석 따위를] 용해하다. intense 강렬한. fellow-inmate 감방동료.
wrist 손목. crush 으깨다, 粉碎(분쇄)하다. handcuff 수갑. infraction 위반행위.
reveal [감추어진 것을] 알리다, 비밀을 누설하다.
“The Gulag Archipelago” 수용소 군도. out of the camps 수용소 밖으로.
bear witness 立證(입증)하다, 증인이 되다. on behalf of 남을 대신해서, 대표해서.
appearance 출현. immediately 즉시. lead-led-led ...로 이끌다. expulsion 추방.
expose 노출시키다. fissure 갈라진 곳, 龜裂(균열). Khrushchev 소련의 폭군적 독재자 인 스탈린의 死後(사후)에 공산당 제1서기겸 수상이 되어 소련사회에 어느 정도의 자유를 불어넣음. thaw 解氷期(해빙기), 얼음이나 눈이 녹음. Novy Mir 잡지 이름.
cacophony 不協和音(불협화음). reveille [군대] 기상나팔. bang 쾅하고 굉음을 내다.
imperviousness 침투하지 못하는 것, 통하지 않는 것.
stir 흥분하다, 활동하기 시작하다. the cult of personality 개인숭배.
desperate 가망성이 없는, 절망적인, 자포자기의. disintegration 崩壞(붕괴), 분해.

B. 구문
- wearing wrist-crushing . . . infraction
[최소의 위반행위에도 손목을 으깨는 수갑을 차고 지내면서]
- on the skin of my back
[등가죽에 붙여 가지고]
-his work was done
[그의 노력은 효과가 있었다.]
- That tale began . . . in frost two fingers thick.
[그 이야기는 손가락 두개만큼 두텁게 성에가 낀 창문을 통해서 들려오는 시끄러운 기상나팔 소리로 시작되었으며 그 소리는 긴 철도 레일을 두들겨서 내었다.]

47-2-201
He was not another Tolstoy or Dostoevsky. Often the characters in Mr Solzhenitsyn’s books were one-dimensional, the tone sardonic, the detail turgid. But his indestructibility gave him, over the years, a prophet??s voice. He survived the war, the camps and abdominal cancer that was carelessly treated. He was told he would never have children, but had three sons. He believed he would never return to Russia after his exile, but in 1994 was welcomed back to the post-Soviet state. Each miracle increased his sense of mission. He was not simply a writer, but a visionary who would mend Russiaand, as such, he believed he was on equal terms with Soviet leaders. In 1973, in a letter to them, he laid out his proposals. There was nothing wrong with a Soviet empirebut they had to cast off ??this filthy sweaty shirt?? of Marxist ideology, all these ??arsenals of lies??. Socialism, he wrote, ??prevents the living body of the nation from breathing.??
Behind his impassive kulak’s face lay intense self-scrutiny, adamantine moral and physical courage and a sometimes unsettling disregard for the smaller and softer things in life. But he did not necessarily think he was better, or wiser, than other men. Only a fluke, he said, had kept him out of the NKVD, Stalin??s secret police, when they came recruiting at his university. As for the war, though the Nazis had unleashed atrocities on Russia, ??I remember myself in my captain??s shoulder-straps and the forward march of my battery through East Prussia, enshrouded in fire, and I say: ??So were we any better????? In one poem, ??Prussian Nights??, he wrote:

The little daughter’s on the mattress,
Dead. How many have been on it
A platoon, a company perhaps?
A girl’s been turned into a woman,
A woman turned into a corpse

A. 어휘
character 등장인물. one-dimensional 1차원적인. sardonic 냉소적인.
detail 세부이야기. turgid 과장된, 부어오른. indestructibility 파괴불가능성.
prophet 예언자. abdominal 腹部(복부)의. exile 亡命(망명). miracle 기적.
mission 특별임무, 사명. visionary 신비가, 환영을 보는 사람. as such 그렇기 때문에.
be on equal terms with ...와 동등한 관계에 있다. lay out 전시하다.
empire 帝國(제국). filthy 더러운. sweaty 땀에 젖은. arsenal 비축, 수집, 창고, 무기고.
impassive 무표정한, 무감동의.
kulak [혁명 전 러시아의] 富農(부농), [혁명 후 기계를 상용하여 공산당원으로부터] 부농으로 간주된 농부.
scrutiny 면밀한 吟味(음미). self-scrutiny 면밀한 자기성찰.
adamantine 확고 부동한, 매우 단단한. physical 육체적. unsettling 흔들리는, 불안한. disregard 무시, 輕視(경시).
not necessarily 반드시 ...한 것은 아니다(부분부정). fluke 요행수, 닻의 갈고리.
recruit 모집하다. as for ...에 관해서는. unleash 풀어놓다, 폭발시키다.
atrocity 極惡(극악). atrocities 극악한 행동. captain 대위.
shoulder-strap [군대] 肩章(견장). forward march 進軍(진군). battery 砲兵隊(포병대).
enshroud 싸다, 덮어 가리다. platoon 소대. company 중대. corpse 시체.

B. 구문
- A girl's been turned into a woman
[소녀가 여인으로 변하였다 (강간당하여 처녀성을 상실하다)]