48-3-205
The link with asthma has a different mechanism. When Dr Blaser and his colleague Yu Chen analysed a health and nutrition database called the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they found that American children between the ages of three and 13 who are infected with H. pylori are 60% less likely to have asthma than their uninfected contemporaries. They believe this is because H. pylori makes the immune system more robust. The lack of it lowers the threshold for responding to a foreign protein that might come from a pathogen. As a result, things like pollen and mites trigger responses even though they are not, actually, dangerous. This idea is similar to the 'hygiene hypothesis' that the super-clean environment of the modern world fails to challenge children's immune systems enough for their own good, and thus opens the way for conditions such as asthma. It differs, however, in that Dr Blaser thinks humanity has co-evolved with the bugs that prime the immune system, rather than picking them up at random.
Moreover, even the link between H. pylori and gastric cancer and ulcers is complicated. Just having the bacterium does not automatically mean you will get an ulcer. In the past, most people were infected with H. pylori from their childhoods until they died. Ulcers, however, generally emerge when a patient is in his 30s or 40s. In addition, they are three times more common in men than in women. H. pylori-infection rates, however, are the same in both sexes.

A. 어휘
asthma 천식. colleague 동료. nutrition 營養(영양). contemporary 동년배, 동시대인.
immune system 면역체계. infect 감염되다. robust 튼튼한. lower 낮추다.
threshold 문지방. foreign protein 외부의 단백질. pathogen 病原菌(병원균).
pollen 花粉(화분), 꽃가루. mite 진드기. trigger [반응을] 일으키다, 방아쇠를 당기다.
hygiene 위생. hypothesis 假設(가설). condition 건강상태.
humanity 인류, 인간애, 인간성. co-evolve 공동으로 진화하다.
prime 자극하다, 준비하다. gastric cancer 위암. ulcer 潰瘍(궤양). complicated 복잡한.
emerge 출현하다. patient 환자.

B. 구문
- in that=since ...라는 점에서.
- picking them up at random
[恣意的(자의적)으로 잡아서 없애다.]

48-4-206
H. pylori also has an effect on two of the hormones that control appetiteghrelin, which makes you feel hungry, and leptin, which does the opposite. People without H. pylori produce more ghrelin than those with. Though the connection has not been established for sure, Dr Blaser suspects the bacterium's disappearance could thus be contributing to the epidemic of obesity that is sweeping the rich world.
What all this suggests is that rather than trying to eradicate H. pylori, a better strategy would be to manage its relationship with humanity in a more sophisticated way. Some people are, genetically, more susceptible to ulcers and gastric cancer than others. For these unfortunates eradication may be the best option. However, if your genes predispose you to asthma or obesity, eradication may be unwise.
Moreover, people are not born with H. pylori in their stomachs. Rather, they get infected when they are young. That means a parent or doctor could choose which strain of the bacterium a child ends up carrying, rather than leaving the matter to chance. H. pylori is genetically variable (not all strains, for example, make cag). Dr Blaser envisages a future in which doctors run routine checks on babies' genes to find out their susceptibilities, and then colonise those babies' stomachs with the strain or strains that are best for them. If that happens, H. pylori can come off the endangered species list for good.

A. 어휘
appetite 식욕. opposite 逆(역), 반대. established 확립된. suspect 생각하다.
epidemic 유행, 유행병. contribute to ...에 기여하다. obesity 비만. sweep 휩쓸다.
eradicate 撲滅(박멸)하다. strategy 전략. sophisticated 精巧(정교)한, 세련된.
genetically 유전적으로. susceptible 민감한, 영향 받기 쉬운.
unfortunate 운이 나쁜 사람. predispose [병에] 걸리기 쉽게 하다, ...하는 경향이 있다.
strain 종족, 혈통, 종류, 긴장. end up 끝나다, 종료하다. variable 變異性(변이성)의.
envisage 마음에 그리다, 상상하다. susceptibility 감염되기 쉬움, 감수성.
colonise 식민지로 하다, 이주시키다. come off 그만 두다, 끝나다. for good 영원히.

B. 구문
- rather than leaving the matter to chance
[그 문제를 우연에 맡기느니]