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From the Beatles to a generation of high-flying New York corporate lawyers, Mr Gladwell finds that being in the right place at the right time, having the right antecedents (affluent, caring parents are a big help) and seizing the chance to get in lots of practice (he calls it the 10,000-hour rule) are all as critical to success as raw talent. He observes that you have to be smart, but only smart enough to succeed.
In the second half of the book, Mr Gladwell concentrates on the effects of cultural inheritance and how it helps and hinders. An interesting hypothesis is the effect of cultivating rice for many thousands of years on mathematical aptitude and attitudes to work. Growing rice requires farmers to make complex calculations and to labour every day of the yearunlike the less intense seasonal rhythms of European agriculture. Though the Chinese and Japanese don't have higher average IQs than Westerners, they are better at maths and have no tradition of taking long holidays.
The most uplifting chapter in the book is about a chain of publicly funded American schools called KIPP (Knowledge is Power Programme) that began operating in tough inner-city areas just over a decade ago. The KIPP schools, whose intake is largely made up of African-American and Hispanic children from single-parent families are achieving extraordinary results, especially in maths, through the simple, but tough expedient of lengthening the school day by more than 50% and making attendance at a three-week summer school mandatory. Middle- and upper-class children with parents who are involved in their education get on fine in normal schools, but for children from deprived backgrounds, the extra hours in class are vital.
'Outliers' is less original than Mr Gladwell's other works, but it is a compelling read with an important message: by understanding better what makes people successful we should be able to produce more successful (and happy) people.

A. 어휘
high-flying 야심적인, (목적, 생각 따위가) 터무니없는.
corporate 법인조직의, 단체의. corporate lawyers 기업체의 변호사들.
antecedent 先行者(선행자), 앞서가는 사람들, 앞선 사건. affluent 부유한, 풍요한.
caring 애정이 있는, 잘 돌보아 주는. seize 붙잡다. critical 결정적인.
raw 날 것의, 가공하지 않은. raw talent 자연 그대로의 재능. effect 영향.
inheritance 遺産(유산). hinder 방해하다. hypothesis 假說(가설), 前提(전제).
cultivate 耕作(경작)하다. aptitude 소질, 경향, 습성. complex 복잡한.
calculation 계산. labour 일하다, 노동하다. average 평균적인. tradition 전통.
uplifting 북돋우다, 高揚(고양)시키다. chapter 章(장).
publicly funded American schools 公的(공적)인 자금으로 운영하는 미국학교.
intake 입학생, 채용인원, 흡입물. expedient 수단, 方便(방편).
mandatory 의무적인, 강제적인, 명령적인. deprive 박탈하다.
children from deprived backgrounds 빈곤한 가정 출신의 아이들.
vital 필수적인, 생명의, 중대한. compelling 사람을 끄는, 존경할 수밖에 없는.
read 읽어야 할 책, 독서.

B. 구문
- being in the right place at the right time
[알맞은 때에 알맞은 장소(상황)에 있는 것( 때와 장소에 잘 맞는 것)]
- seizing the chance . . . lots of practice
[연습을 많이 할 수 있는 기회를 포착하는 것]
-the less intense . . . European agriculture
[勞動集約(노동집약)의 정도가 보다 낮은 유럽의 계절적 농업리듬]
- through the simple, but . . . summer school mandatory
[학교수업일수를 50% 이상 늘리고 3주간의 여름학교출석을 강제적인 것으로 하는 단순하지만 거친 방법을 통해서]