57-9-262
Sexual success, by contrast, tends to dampen criminal behaviour down. Getting married and having childrenin other words, achieving at least part of his Darwinian ambitionoften terminates a criminal's career. Again, that is a commonplace observation. However, it tends to be explained as 'the calming influence of marriage', which is not really an explanation at all. 'Ambition fulfilled' is a better one.
The murder of children, too, can be explained evolutionarily. On the face of things it makes no sense to kill the vessels carrying your genes into the next generation. And, indeed, that is not what usually happens. But sociologists failed to notice this. It was not until Dr Daly and Dr Wilson began researching the field that it was discovered that a child under five is many times more likely to die an unnatural death in a household with a stepfather present (whether or not that relationship has been formalised by law) than if only biological parents are there.
In this, humans follow a pattern that is widespread in mammals: male hostility to a female's offspring from previous matings. In some species, such as lions and langurs, this results in deliberate infanticide. In humans things not are always as brutal and explicit. But neglect and a low threshold of irritation at the demands of a dependent non-relative can have the same effect.
Intriguingly, though, if a genetic parent is the killer it is often the mother. Infanticidal mothers are usually young. A young mother has many years of potential reproduction ahead of her. If circumstances do not favour her at the time (perhaps the father has deserted her) the cost to her total reproductive output of bringing up a child may exceed the risk of killing it. Not surprisingly, maternal infanticide is mainly a crime of poor, single women

A. 어휘
by contrast 대조적으로. dampen 약하게 하다, 축축해지다. terminate 끝내다.
commonplace 평범한. fulfill 충족하다. vessel 사람, 그릇, 배. stepfather 繼父(계부).
formalise 공식화하다, 정식으로 하다. biological parents 生父母(생부모).
mammal 포유동물. hostility 敵意(적의), 敵愾心(적개심). previous 以前(이전)의.
mating 결혼, 交配(교배). langur 원숭이의 일종. deliberate 고의적인.
infanticide 幼兒殺害(유아살해). brutal 야만적인, 잔인한. explicit 명백한, 솔직한.
threshold 출발점, 발단, 문지방. irritation 짜증내는 것, 화내는 것.
dependent 의지하고 있는, 종속되어 있는, 부양가족, 寄食者(기식자).
non-relative 혈연적 친척이 아닌 사람. intriguingly 재미있게도, 흥미를 돋구는. genetic parent 生父母(생부모). potential reproduction 생식의 잠재적 가능성.
desert 버리다.

B. 구문
- But neglect and a low threshold . . . the same effect.
[친척이 아닌 부양가족(의붓아들이나 딸)의 요구를 무시하거나 그 요구에 쉽게 화를
내는 것은 (사자가 의붓자식을 죽이는 것과 같은) 결과를 가진다]
- the cost to her total . . .the risk of killing it.
[한 아이를 양육하는 데 들어가는 생식비용의 총액이 그 아이를 살해하는 위험을 초과할지도 모른다(아이를 살해하는 것이 양육하는 것보다는 보다 많은 생식에 도움이 된다)]

57-10-263
Many people might sympathise with those driven to commit this particular form of homicide. But in general crimes such as murder and rape provoke a desire to punish the perpetrators, not to forgive them. That, too, is probably an evolved responseand it may well be a uniquely human one. No court sits in judgment over a drake who has raped a duck. A lioness may try to defend her cubs against infanticide, but if she fails she does not plan vengeance against the male who did it. Instead, she usually has sex with him. Yet ideas of revenge and punishment lie deep in the human psyche.

…and punishment
Economists were long puzzled, for example, by the routine outcome of a game in which one player divides a sum of money between himself and a competitor, who then decides whether the shares are fair. If the second player decides the shares are not fair, neither player gets anything.
What is curious about this game is that, in order to punish the first player for his selfishness, the second player has deliberately made himself worse off by not accepting the offer. Many evolutionary biologists feel that the sense of justice this illustrates, and the willingness of one player to punish the other, even at a cost to himself, are among the things that have allowed humans to become such a successful, collaborative species. In the small social world in which humans evolved, people dealt with the same neighbours over and over again. Punishing a cheat has desirable long-term consequences for the person doing the punishing, as well as for the wider group. In future, the cheat will either not deal with him or will do so more honestly. Evolution will favour the development of emotions that make such reactions automatic.

A. 어휘
sympathise with 동의하다, 찬성하다, 공감하다. drive 몰아 부치다.
commit 범하다. homicide 살인. provoke 자극하다, 선동하다, 도발하다.
uniquely 유일하게. sit in judgement over(on) ...을 재판하다.
drake=male duck 수오리. cub 새끼. vengeance 복수. revenge. psyche 정신, 영혼.
puzzle 당황하다. routine 常例(상례)적인, 판에 박힌.
routine outcome 항상 동일하게 나오는 결과. sum 금액. competitor 경쟁자.
share 몫, 배당액. fair 공정한. selfishness 이기적임. deliberately 고의적으로.
badly off 주머니 사정이 좋지 않다, 가난하게 살다.
the sense of justice 正義感(정의감). illustrate 例證(예증)하다. collaborative 협동적인.
cheat 속이는 사람, 사기꾼.