65-3-310
By the 1920s, with the advent of mass media and the associated rise of the public intellectualfigures such as Arnold Toynbee, Julian Huxley, Cyril Burt, John Maynard Keynes and Marie Stopesthese and other ideas began to exercise a powerful grip on the popular imagination. Making extensive use of primary sources, Mr Overy examines each in turn: the loss of faith in the free-market system caused by rising unemployment and the belief among a generation of British socialists influenced by an outspoken couple, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, that the answer was an ameliorated form of Soviet-style planningthe growing fashion for psychoanalysis, its apparent challenge to reason and its effect on the artistic imaginationand, perhaps most shockingly for readers today, the corrupted Darwinism that led to the rise of the eugenics movement and attempts by apparently respectable people to pass legislation to allow the forcible sterilisation of 'mental defectives'.
The second half of 'The Morbid Age' concentrates on the British reaction to political turmoil in Europe and the arrival on the scene of Hitler. Mr Overy charts the growth of the hugely popular pacifist and anti-war movements, such as the League of Nations Union, which in 1935 through an unofficial plebiscite attracted the support of 12m adult voters. Whereas many were attracted to the idea of a benign world government as an alternative to the staleness and cynicism of conventional politics, Britain was fortunate that only a few saw salvation in the perverted Utopianism of Soviet communism and fewer still in fascism, particularly after the brutalities of the Spanish civil war. Mr Overy observes: 'In this great melodrama Hitler's Germany was the villaindemocratic civilisation the menaced heroinethe many forces of progressive thinking the simple-minded but courageous herothe Soviet Union the hero's bold but not altogether trustworthy accomplice.'

A. 어휘
advent 출현, 到來(도래). associated 관련된.
the associated rise of the public intellectual 그와 관련된 대중적 지식인의 성장.
figure 인물. exercise 행사하다. grip 지배, 통제, 握力(악력), 붙들기.
popular imagination 대중의 상상력. making extensive use of 광범위하게 활용하여.
primary 일차적인. in turn 차례로. outspoken 거침없이 마구 말하는, 솔직한.
ameliorate 개량하다. apparent 명백한. challenge to reason 理性(이성)에 대한 도전.
corrupted 부패된. eugenics 優生學(우생학). respectable 훌륭한, 덕망이 있는.
legislation 입법, 법률제정. forcible 강제적인. sterilisation 不姙化(불임화), 斷種(단종).
defective 심신에 결함이 있는 자, 장애인. reaction 반응, 반동. turmoil 혼란, 동요.
chart 도표로 만들다. hugely 거대하게. popular 인기 있는. pacifist 평화주의자.
unofficial 비공식적. plebiscite 국민투표. adult voter 성인 유권자.
whereas ...에 반해서. benign 상냥한. alternative 대체, 대안.
staleness 지쳐있음, 진부한 것. cynicism 냉소적임, 비꼬는 것.
conventional 전통적인, 在來的(재래적)인. salvation 구조, 구원.
perverted 變態(변태)의, 異狀(이상)의, 사악한. brutality 잔인성, 蠻行(만행).
observe 의견을 말하다. villain 악한, 악당. menace 협박하다.
trustworthy 신뢰할 수 있는. accomplice 共犯者(공범자).

B. 구문
- the belief among a generation . . . form of Soviet-style planning;
[거침없이 말하는 Webb부부의 영향을 받은 세대에 속하는 영국 사회주의자들의 신념 즉 (음울한 시대를 치유할 수 있는) 해답은 개량된 蘇聯(소련)식 계획경제라는 것. ]
- only a few saw salvation . . . and fewer still in fascism,
[소수의 사람만이 소련 공산주의의 변태적 유토피아적 이상주의에서 구원을 찾았고 더욱 더 소수의 영국인만이 파시즘에 구원이 있다고 생각하였다.]
- Hitler’s Germany was the villain. . . altogether trustworthy accomplice.
[히틀러가 다스리는 독일은 악당이었다. 민주적인 문명세계는 협박당하는 여자영웅이었다. 진보적 생각을 가진 많은 세력들은 단순하지만 용기 있는 영웅이었다. 소련은 그 영웅의 대담하지만 전적으로는 신뢰할 수 없는 공범자였다.]

65-4-311
But as the prospect of war drew closer, pessimism and defeatism were replaced with a grim determination to confront the manifest evil of Nazism. In the three years between the crises in Spain and central Europe, Mr Overy writes, 'the balance between saving civilisation through peace and saving civilisation by war swung decisively in favour of the latter.' When war eventually came, it was for many people almost a reliefa climax in the patient's condition after which would come either death or recovery.
'The Morbid Age' is history at its best. It tells us not just what people did, but what were the social and intellectual influences that caused them to do what they did. With elegance and erudition, Mr Overy opens a window into the mind of a generationa generation with anxieties both very different from and yet surprisingly similar to those of our own today.

A. 어휘
prospect 可望(가망), 전망. defeatism 패배주의. replace 대체하다.
grim 엄한, 가차없는. determination 결심, 결단. confront 맞서다, 대결하다.
manifest 명백한, 분명한. crisis 위기. swing-swung-swung 방향을 바꾸다, 흔들다.
decisively 결정적으로. in favor of ...에 찬성하여.
relief 안심, 위안, 한숨 돌리기, 구제. elegance 우아, 단정.
erudition 博學多識(박학다식)

B. 구문
- It tells us not just . . . do what they did.
[그 책은 단지 국민들이 무엇을 하였던가에 대해서만 말해주는 것이 아니고 국민들이 그렇게 행동하도록 하였던 사회적, 知的(지적)인 영향이 무엇이었던가에 대해서 말하고 있다.]