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These parents are not serving their children well, Sapon-Shevin argues. 'You want them to learn lessons that are powerful but benign. Your kid gets drunk, they throw up, feel like crapthat's a good lesson. They don't study for an exam, fail it and learn that next time they should study. Or not return the library book and have to pay the fine. But when you have a kid leave their bike out, it gets run over and rusty, and you say, 'O.K., honey, we'll buy you a new one,' they never learn to put their bike away.'

THE AGGRESSIVE ADVOCATE

Marguerite Damata, a mother of two in Silver Spring, Md., wonders whether she is too involved in her 10-year-old son's school life. 'Because he's not in the gifted and talented group, he's almost nowhere,' she says. 'If I stopped paying attention, where would he be?' Every week she spends two hours sitting in his math class, making sure she knows the assignments and the right vocabulary so that she can help him at home. And despite all she sees and all she does, she says, 'I feel powerless there.'
Parents understandably argue that there is a good reason to keep a close watch if their child is one of 500 kids in a grade level. Teachers freely admit it's impossible to create individual teaching programs for 30 children in a class. 'There aren't enough minutes in the day,' says Tom Loveless, who taught in California for nine years and is now director of the Brown Center on Education Policy at the Brookings Institution. 'You have to have kids tackling subject matter together as a group. That's a shoe that will pinch for someone.'

A. 어휘
benign 온화한, 상냥한, (병리) 陽性(양성)의. throw up 단념하다. crap 쓰레기, 똥.
return 返納(반납)하다. fine 벌금. leave out 放棄(방기)하다, 무시하다, 버리다.
run over (차나 자전거가) 사람을 치다, 깔아뭉개다. rusty 녹슬다.
put away 간수하다, 치우다, 저축하다. aggressive 공격적인. advocate 옹호자.
MD. Maryland. gifted 천부의 재능이 있는, 머리가 아주 좋은. talented 재주 있는.
math class 수학수업. assignments 숙제. vocabulary 용어, 語彙(어휘).
despite ...에도 불구하고. grade level 석차, 등급수준. institution 공공기관.
tackle 다루다. subject matter 주제. pinch 꼬집기, 꼭 죄기, 난관, 곤궁.

B. 구문
- he's almost nowhere
[그가 들어간 자리가 거의 없다.]
- If I stopped paying attention, where would he be?
cf. 가정법과거: 현재사실의 반대의 경우를 가정.
[내가 관심 두는 것을 중단하면 그는 어디에 가 있겠습니까?]
- That's a shoe that will pinch for someone.
[그것은 누군가에게 난관을 가져올 신발(상황)이다]

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Since the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act, which requires schools to show progress in reading and math test scores in Grades 3 through 8 across all racial and demographic groups, parents are worried that teachers will naturally focus on getting as many students as possible over the base line and not have as much time to spur the strongest kids or save the weakest. Some educators argue that you can agree on the goals of accountability and achievement, but given the inequalities in the system, not all schools have the means to achieve them. 'A really cynical person who didn't want to spend any more money on an educational system might get parents and teachers to blame each other and deflect attention away from other imperfect parts of the system,' observes Jeannie Oakes, director of the Institute for Democracy, Education and Access at UCLA.
Families feel they have to work the system. Attentive parents study the faculty like stock tables, looking for the best performer and then lobbying to get their kids into that teacher's class. 'You have a lot of mothers who have been in the work force, supervising other people, who have a different sense of empowerment and professionalism about them,' notes Amy Stuart Wells, professor of sociology and education at Columbia University's Teachers College. 'When they drop out of the work force to raise their kids, they see being part of the school as part of their job.' Monica Stutzman, a mother of two in Johnston, Iowa, believes her efforts helped ensure that her daughter wound up with the best teacher in each grade.

A. 어휘
passage 통과. No Child Left Behind Act 학습 부진아 방지법. act 법령.
in Grades 3 through 8. 3단계에서 8단계까지. racial 인종적.
demographic 인구통계학의. base line 기준선, 합격선. spur 박차를 가하다, 격려하다.
accountability 책임. inequalities 불평등. means 수단.
deflect 비끼게 하다, 偏向(편향)시키다. observe 소견으로서 말하다.
access 목표에 접근하는 방법(수단). attentive 주의 깊은. the faculty 교직원.
stock table 주식시세표. performer 선수, 실행자, 연기자. empowerment 권한부여.
sociology 사회학. drop out of the work force 직장을 그만두다.
wind-wound-wound 친친 감다, 꾸불꾸불 나아가다, 끌어올리다.
wind up with ...와 만나게 되다.

B. 구문
- teachers will naturally focus on . . . kids or save the weakest.
[자연히 교사들은 가능한 한 많은 학생들을 평가합격선 위로 끌어올리려고 노력하고
가장 우수한 학생들을 격려하고 가장 열등한 학생을 구하려는 데는 시간을 많이 들이지 않는다]
- mothers who have been in the work force
[직장에 근무하였던 어머니들]
- they see being part of the school as part of their job.
[그들(직장근무경력이 있는 엄마들)은 학교교육의 일부가 되는 것을 그들의 직업으로 간주한다(학교에 간섭하는 것을 당당한 직업으로 간주한다).