81A-3-385
Wilson's failure haunted F.D.R. When writing speeches, he often glanced at Wilson's portrait, which he'd had installed in the Cabinet Room. His efforts to escape Wilson's fate began even before the U.S. entered the war. As early as the fall of 1937, F.D.R. began hammering relentlessly on one theme. If Hitler's Germany and Tojo's Japan were allowed to rampage unchecked across Europe and Asia, America would eventually be in danger. The implication was clear. If the U.S. went to war again, it would be a war of necessity, not choice not a war to remake the world but a war to protect the U.S.
At first, that proved a hard sell. Most Americans still believed they were safe behind their Atlantic and Pacific moats. But in 1940, when the Nazis overran France, public opinion began to shift, and by the summer of 1941, with Britain under massive assault and German submarines sinking American ships, key advisers told F.D.R. that he could pressure Congress into declaring war. Yet in his gut, Roosevelt felt the timing wasn't right. He feared that unless he somehow showed Americans that the Axis powers were a threat not just to Britain and France and not even just to American ships but also to Americans themselves they would come to see World War II as philanthropy, not self-defense. And when the postwar world did not live up to their hopes, they would turn inward again. On Dec. 7, 1941, Japan solved F.D.R.'s problem by turning Pearl Harbor into an inferno. "Franklin," Eleanor commented, "was, in a way, more serene than he had appeared in a long time."

A. 어휘
haunt 생각 따위가 끊임없이 붙어 다니다, 괴롭히다, 유령이 나오다.
glance 힐끗 보다, 一瞥(일별)하다. portrait 초상화. install 설치하다.
the Cabinet Room 閣僚(각료) 회의실. relentlessly 가차없이, 무자비하게.
theme 주제. rampage 미친 듯이 날뛰다. unchecked 沮止(저지)되지 않고.
eventually 결국에는. implication 含意(함의), 암시. a hard sell 팔기 힘든 물건.
moat [외적에 대비하여 城(성)주변에 만든] 壕(호), 垓字(해자).
over-run 침략하다, 潰滅(궤멸)시키다. shift 옮기다, 변화하다.
massive 대규모의, 육중한. assault 猛攻(맹공), 强襲(강습). submarine 잠수함.
declare 宣布(선포)하다. gut (물건의) 속, 창자, 용기, 끈기.
in his gut 內心(내심)에는. the Axis powers 樞軸國(추축국)[제 2차 대전 때의 독일, 일본, 이탈리아]. philanthropy 자선, 博愛(박애).
Pearl Harbor 하와이의 眞珠灣(진주만). cf. harbor 항구. inferno 지옥.
Eleanor 루즈벨트대통령 부인. serene 마음이 차분한, 평온한.

81A-4-386
But F.D.R. was still not free from his labyrinth. It was Japan that had hit the U.S., not Germany, and he still suspected there were limits to the costs that the American people would bear, especially in Europe. He initially hoped the U.S. could avoid land fighting in Europe altogether and battle Hitler only in the air and at sea. Even after abandoning that idea, F.D.R. and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill delayed an Allied invasion of France until 1944. The result was that for almost three years, Soviet ground troops faced the Nazi meat grinder largely alone. F.D.R. was not unhappy about that. Yet there were consequences. By the time American boys stormed the beaches at Normandy, the Red Army was pushing through Eastern Europe toward Berlin.
So when Roosevelt began discussing the shape of the postwar world with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and Churchill, first in Tehran in November 1943 and then in Yalta in February 1945, it was already becoming clear that Eastern Europe would probably fall under Moscow's thumb. He and Churchill got Stalin to promise that all nations would have the right to choose their own postwar governments, but those lovely words meant little with Soviet tanks squatting on Polish soil.
Roosevelt knew there was not much he could do about this, and he didn't want to alienate Stalin, whose help he thought he would need for a future invasion of Japan. But he worried that when Americans became aware of the sphere of influence that Moscow was establishing in Eastern Europe, they would react with bitter disillusionment, as they had after World War I. Once Hitler and Tojo were vanquished, Americans might turn inward again.

A. 어휘
labyrinth 迷路(미로). suspect 생각하다, 의심하다. initially 초기에는.
land fighting 육지전투. delay 지연시키다.
Allied invasion of France 동맹군의 프랑스 침공. ground troops 地上軍(지상군).
meat grinder 고기 써는 기계. the Nazi meat grinder 나치의 可恐(가공)한 군대.
the Red Army 赤軍(적군)[소련군]. thumb 엄지손가락.
fall under Moscow's thumb 소련의 지배를 받게 되다.
squat 웅크리다, 무단히 점령하다. alienate 소외시키다, 멀리하다.
sphere 범위, 영역. disillusionment 환멸. vanquish 정복하다, 쳐부수다.