119. Why Counting Money Can Make You Happier
By Erin Davies TIME Saturday, Jul. 25, 2009

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We all know money buys luxuries like sports cars and Manolo Blahniks, necessities like groceries, and intangibles like preferential treatment. (When was the last time Donald Trump waited in line for anything?) Now there is evidence that just counting money can produce valuable psychological benefits. According to a new study published in the journal Psychological Science, thumbing through your cash can reduce emotional and physical pain as well as increase feelings of internal strength, fearlessness and confidence. The study also finds that there is an equally true flip side to this coin: When people are reminded of their recent spending, they report higher levels of both psychological and physical distress.
Focusing on the symbolic power of money, the study's authors, Xinyue Zhou of Sun Yat-Sen University, Kathleen Vohs of the University of Minnesota and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University, started with a simple hypothesis: reminders of money can alter how people experience social interactions especially social acceptance and rejection.

A. 어휘
luxuries 사치품. Manolo Blahniks 세계적인 구두디자이너 Manolo Blahnik이 디자인한 고급구두. necessities 생활필수품. intangibles 無形財産(무형재산).
preferential 先取權(선취권)이 있는. preferential treatment 우대, 특별 대우.
Donald Trump 미국의 부동산 재벌. benefit 혜택, 이익.
thumb through 빠르게 넘기다. cash 현금. reduce 감소시키다.
internal 內的(내적)인. confidence 자신감. equally 똑 같이.
flip side to this coin 동전의 뒷면. remind 상기시키다.
distress 고민, 비탄, 곤궁, 고난. hypothesis 假設(가설).
alter 바꾸다. social interactions 사회적 상호작용.
acceptance 容認(용인), 받아들임. rejection 거부, 배척.

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To test the idea, the researchers took the following approach: 84 students at a Chinese university were divided into two groups. One group counted 80 large-denomination bills the other group parceled out 80 pieces of plain paper. All participants then played an online video game in which, using game controls, they could throw a ball and play catch with other Internet players. But the game was rigged so that after 10 throws, half the students would no longer get the ball thrown to them, while the rest of the students continued to play catch. When the game ended, participants who had been excluded from the second round of catch rated their level of social distress and how strong they felt. Those who had counted money before being socially excluded reported lower levels of social distress than those who had counted only paper. Additionally, the participants who had counted money also reported greater feelings of inner strength and self-sufficiency.
To see if counting money also reduces physical pain previous research indicates that psychological and physical pain are experienced in a similar way the researchers repeated the earlier social-exclusion test, except this time they replaced the ball game with a pain-sensitivity task, in which half the participants were put in a moderate-pain condition (their hands were immersed in warm water), while the other half were subjected to a high-pain condition (hands were immersed in very hot water). Again, those who had counted money reported lower levels of pain.

A. 어휘
approach 연구방법. denomination 화폐의 額面(액면)금액.
bill 지폐. parcel out 나누다, 분할하다. plain paper 白紙(백지).
participant 참가자. control 조종장치, 操縱桿(조종간).
catch 캐치볼, 捕球(포구). rig 장치하다. exclude 排除(배제)하다, 排斥(배척)하다.
rate 등급을 매기다, 측정하다. distress 고통, 고민, 悲歎(비탄).
Additionally 특별히, 부가적으로. self-sufficiency 자기만족, 자급자족.
reduce 감소시키다. previous research 선행연구. indicate 가리키다.
repeat 반복하다. social-exclusion 사회적으로 배척 당하는 것.
except ...을 제외하고. replace 대체하다. sensitivity 민감, 感受性(감수성).
moderate 알맞은, 온건한. immerse 물에 담그다, 가라앉히다, 잠기다.
subject to 당하게 하다, 복종시키다.