Socrates in America ¨ç

From Socrates, history's quintessential nonconformist, lessons for America today
128. Socrates in America

Arguing to death
Dec 17th 2009 | LOS ANGELES From The Economist print edition

From Socrates, history's quintessential nonconformist, lessons for America today

128-1-594
IF THE most famous philosopher of all were alive today, he might find America remarkably similar to his own Athens of the fifth century BC. Socrates would witness a vibrant and proud democracy, and disdain it as an indulgence of the benighted, unphilosophical "herd". He would interrogate America's politicians, talk-radio and cable-television pundits in search of honest discussions that lead to truth, and thereby expose their confusion, contradictions and ignorance. He would avail himself of America's as of Athens's freedom of speech, and simultaneously be horrified by the speciousness of the speech that Americans choose to make. And he would challenge America just as he had provoked Athens, and possibly be prosecuted and condemned for it a second time.
Socrates throws down a gauntlet from antiquity to America and all other democracies. How could Athens, which prided itself on its freedoms and had for decades not only tolerated but delighted in the stings of the man who described himself as its "gadfly", turn on its greatest mind and condemn him to death when he was 70 years old? Had Socrates exposed a terrible flaw in democracy? Or had democracy responded to a mortal threat from the likes of Socrates?

A. ¾îÈÖ
quintessential ïñâÐ(Á¤¼ö)ÀÇ, º»ÁúÀÇ, ÀüÇüÀûÀÎ.
nonconformist (°ü½À µûÀ§¿¡) µû¸£Áö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷. ºñµ¿Á¶ÀÚ, ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ºñ±¹±³µµ.
remarkably ¸Å¿ì, úéîÊ(ÇöÀú)ÇϰÔ. witness ¸ñ°ÝÇÏ´Ù.
vibrant Ȱ±â¿¡ Âù, °íµ¿Ä¡´Â. a democracy ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡.
disdain ¸ê½ÃÇÏ´Ù, °æ¸êÇÏ´Ù. indulgence ÷°Òü(Ž´Ð), ¹æÁ¾.
benighted ¸ù¸ÅÇÑ, ¹«½ÄÇÑ, ¹Ì°³ÇÑ. herd °¡ÃàÀÇ ¹«¸®, ¹ÎÁß.
interrogate Áú¹®ÇÏ´Ù, ãûÙý(½É¹®)ÇÏ´Ù, ij¹¯´Ù.
pundit ¹Ú½ÄÇÑ »ç¶÷, ´ëÇÐÀÚ, Á¨Ã¼ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷. expose ³ëÃâ½ÃŰ´Ù.
contradiction ÙÃâê(¸ð¼ø), ¹Ý¹Ú. avail himself of ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù.
simultaneously µ¿½Ã¿¡. horrify ¸÷½Ã Áú¸®°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ¹«¼­¿öÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù.
speciousness Çã¿ï ÁÁÀ½. provoke µµ¹ßÇÏ´Ù, ¾à¿Ã¸®´Ù, È­³ª°Ô ÇÏ´Ù.
prosecute ÑÃáÍ(±â¼Ò)ÇÏ´Ù, °í¹ßÇÏ´Ù. condemn À¯ÁË·Î ÆÇÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù, ºñ³­ÇÏ´Ù.
gauntlet (°©¿ÊÀÇ) ±ä Àå°©. down a gauntlet µµÀüÇÏ´Ù.
antiquity ¸Õ ¿¾³¯, ÷¼Í¯(Űí). democracies ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀDZ¹°¡µé.
tolerate ³Ê±×·´°Ô º¸¾ÆÁÖ´Ù, ¹¬ÀÎÇÏ´Ù. sting Â±â, dzÀÚ, Ì­÷Ô(°ÝÅë), Â´Ù.
gadfly µî¿¡, ¸»ÆÄ¸®, ¼èÆÄ¸®, ±ÍÂú°Ô µû¶ó´Ù´Ï´Â »ç¶÷.
turn on ´ëµé´Ù, Àû´ëÇÏ´Ù, ¸Â¼­´Ù. flaw °áÇÔ.
mortal Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ, Áöµ¶ÇÑ.

B. ±¸¹®
-IF THE most famous philosopher. . . Athens of the fifth century BC.
cf. °¡Á¤¹ý°ú°Å¡æÇöÀç»ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ Ê£ïÒ(°¡Á¤).
¡´if+S+µ¿»ç°ú°Å..., S+Á¶µ¿»ç°ú°Å+V....¡µ
ex. As Socrates is not alive today, he does not find America similar to Athens.
¡æ If Socrates were alive today, he might find America similar to Athens.

C. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
¸ðµç öÇÐÀÚµé Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ³ª¶óÀΠѺêªîñ(±â¿øÀü) 5¼¼±âÀÇ ¾ÆÅ×³×¿Í ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Socrates´Â Ȱ±âÂ÷°í ëòѨåÀåÀ(ÀDZâ¾ç¾ç)ÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖ±¹°¡¸¦ ¸ñ°ÝÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í ±×·± ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¹Ì°³Çϰí öÇÐÀÌ ¾ø´Â, ¡°°¡Ãà°°ÀÌ ¹«ÁöÇÑ ¹ÎÁß¡±ÀÇ ¹æÁ¾ÇÑ ³ª¶ó¶ó¸ç °æ¸êÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â Áø¸®·Î À̲ô´Â ÁøÁöÇÑ Åä·ÐÀ» ã¾Æ¼­ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àΰú ¶óµð¿À¿Í ÄÉÀ̺í TVÀÇ Ù£ÞÍ(¸í»ç)µéÀ» ½É¹®ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÇ Ú»ÙÓ(¹Ì¸ù)°ú ¸ð¼ø°ú ¹«Áö¸¦ ³ëÃâ½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ ±×°Íó·³ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¾ð·ÐÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¸»ÀÇ Çã¿ïÁÁÀ½¿¡ ±ô¦ ³î¶ó°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÆÅ׳׸¦ È­³ª°Ô Çß´ø °Íó·³ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ µµÀüÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ (¾ÆÅ׳׿¡ À̾î) µÎ ¹øÂ°·Î ±â¼ÒµÇ¾î ó¹úÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÉÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
Socrates´Â ¸Õ ¿¾³¯·ÎºÎÅÍ µÇ»ì¾Æ³ª¼­ ¹Ì±¹°ú ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀDZ¹°¡¿¡°Ô µµÀüÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´ø ¾ÆÅ׳װ¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ ¡°µî¿¡¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷(Socrates)ÀÇ ½Å¶öÇÑ ºñÆÇÀ» ³Ê±×·´°Ô º¸¾ÆÁÖ¾úÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áñ±â±âµµ ÇÏ¿´´ø , ¾ÆÅ׳װ¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¼­ 70¼¼ÀÎ ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ Àι°À» Àû´ëÇϰí ó¹úÇÏ¿© Á×°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Â°¡? Socrates´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ Ò®î¤(³»Àç)ÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¹«¼­¿î °áÇÔÀ» Æø·ÎÇÏ¿´´ø°¡? ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǰ¡ Socrates°°Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ À§Çù¿¡ ¹Ý°ÝÀ» °¡ÇÑ °ÍÀΰ¡?
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