135-1-638
WHEN two drunken men fight over a woman, alcohol and stupidity may not be the only things at work. Sadly, evolution may have shaped men to behave this way. Almost all of the traits considered to be masculine—big muscles, facial hair, square jaws, deep voices and a propensity to violence—evolved, it now seems, specifically for their usefulness in fighting off or intimidating other men, allowing the winner to get the girl.
That, at least, is the contention of David Puts, an anthropologist at Pennsylvania State University, in an upcoming paper in Evolution and Human Behavior. Dr Puts is looking at how sexual selection gave rise to certain human traits. A trait is sexually selected if it evolved specifically to enhance mating success. They come in two main forms: weapons, such as an elk¡¯s horns are used to fight off competitors and ornaments, like a peacock¡¯s tail, which are used to advertise genetic fitness to attract the opposite sex.
Researchers have tended to consider human sexual selection through the lens of the female¡¯s choice of her mate. But human males look a lot more like animals designed to battle with one another for access to females, says Dr Puts. On average, men have 40% more fat-free mass than women, which is similar to the difference in gorillas, a species in which males unquestionably compete with other males for exclusive sexual access to females. In species whose males do not fight for access to females, males are generally the same size as, or smaller than, females.
A. ¾îÈÖ
masculine ³²¼ºÀûÀÎ. trait ¼ºÁú, Ư¼º. stupidity é×Ôï(¿ìµÐ), ¿ìÇà.
evolution òäûù(ÁøÈ). square ïáÛ°û¡(Á¤¹æÇü).
propensity àõú¾(¼ºÇâ), àõÛþ(¼ºº®). fight off ̪÷Ü(°ÝÅð)ÇÏ´Ù.
intimidate êÎúö(À§Çù)ÇÏ´Ù. contention ÁÖÀå, ÅõÀï.
anthropologist ÀηùÇÐÀÚ. upcoming ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Ã, ´Ù°¡¿Ã.
selection ¼±ÅÃ. enhance °ÈÇÏ´Ù, ¿Ã¸®´Ù. elk Å« »ç½¿.
ornament Àå½Ä. fitness îêùê(ÀûÇÕ), °Ç°. opposite sex ì¶àõ(À̼º).
exclusive µ¶Á¡ÀûÀÎ, ¹èŸÀûÀÎ.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
¼ú¿¡ ÃëÇÑ µÎ ³²¼ºÀÌ ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ³õ°í ½Î¿ï ¶§´Â ¼ú°ú ¾î¸®¼®À½ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÑ È°µ¿Àû ¿äÀÎÀº ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½½Ç ÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸ ÁøÈÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ³²ÀÚµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇൿÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾úÀ» Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ³²¼ºÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǴ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Ư¼ºµéÀº-Å« ±ÙÀ°, äÔÙÉ(¾È¸ð), ³×¸ð³ ÅÎ, ±½Àº À½¼º°ú Æø·Â¼ºÇâ- ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚµéÀ» °ÝÅðÇϰųª À§ÇùÇØ¼ ¿©ÀÚÀÇ È¹µæ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ½Â¸®ÀÚ°¡ µÇ´Â µ¥¿¡ Ưº°È÷ À¯¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÁøÈÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.
À̰ÍÀÌ Pennsylvania ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐÀÇ ÀηùÇÐÀÚÀÎ David PutsÀÌ Ãâ°£ ¿¹Á¤ÀÎ ¡°ÁøÈ¿Í Àΰ£Çൿ¡±ò¼(Áö)¿¡¼ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. Dr PutsÀº àõîÜ(¼ºÀû)ÀÎ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô Àΰ£ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö¸¦ °üÂûÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀΠ¦Áþ±â¸¦ À§Çؼ Ưº°È÷ ÁøÈÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó¸é ¼ºÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅõǾîÁø´Ù. Ư¼ºµéÀº µÎ °¡Áö ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³´Ù. Áï °æÀïÀÚ¸¦ °ÝÅðÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â »ç½¿ÀÇ »Ô °°Àº ÙëÐï(¹«±â)¿Í ì¶àõ(À̼º)ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø±â À§ÇØ À¯ÀüÀû ÀûÇÕ¼ºÀ» È«º¸ÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¼öÄÆ °øÀÛÀÇ ²¿¸® °°Àº Àå½ÄÀÌ´Ù.
ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¿©¼ºÀÌ Â¦À» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù´Â ½Ã°¢À¸·Î Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼ºÀû ¼±ÅÃÀ» º¸´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£ÀÇ ¼öÄÆÀº ¾ÏÄÆÀ» Â÷ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼·Î ½Î¿ìµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾îÁø µ¿¹°µé°ú ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ´à¾Ò´Ù°í Dr PutsÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ³²ÀÚ´Â Æò±ÕÀûÀ¸·Î ¿©¼ºº¸´Ùµµ 40%³ª ´õ ¸¹Àº Þª(ºñ) ò·Û¸(Áö¹æ)ÀÇ Áú·®À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â µ¥ À̰ÍÀº ¼öÄÆµéÀÌ ¾ÏÄÆ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¶Á¡ÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀû Á¢±ÙÀ» À§ÇØ ¼·Î °æÀïÇÏ´Â ðú(Á¾)ÀÎ °í¸±¶ó¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â Â÷ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÏ´Ù. ¼öÄÆµéÀÌ ¾ÏÄÆ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ» À§ÇØ ¼·Î ½Î¿ìÁö ¾Ê´Â ðú(Á¾)ÀÇ ¼öÄÆµéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÏÄÆ°ú Å©±â°¡ °°°Å³ª ´õ ÀÛ´Ù.
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