°æÁ¦°¡ ¼èÅðÇÒ ¶§ ±¹¹ÎÀº ºñÂüÇØÁø´Ù
FREEDOM ±³¾ç¿µ¾î (184); Wealth of Nations(Excerpt)/°æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÌ ±¹¹ÎÀÇ Çູ°¨¿¡ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù

ÚÓã¯éÄ     ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±â»çº¸±â  

  • ½ºÅ©·¦Çϱâ
  • ±â»ç¸ñ·Ï
  • À̸ÞÀϺ¸³»±â
  • ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱâ
  • ±ÛÀÚ ÀÛ°Ô Çϱâ
  • ±ÛÀÚ Å©°Ô Çϱâ
  The demand for those who live by wages, it is evident, cannot increase but in proportion to the increase of the funds which are destined for the payment of wages. These funds are of two kinds; first, the revenue which is over and above what is necessary for the maintenance; and, secondly, the stock which is over and above what is necessary for the employment of their masters.
  
  When the landlord, annuitant, or monied man, has a greater revenue than what he judges sufficient to maintain his own family, he employs either the whole or a part of the surplus in maintaining one or more menial servants. Increase this surplus, and he will naturally increase the number of those servants.
  
  When an independent workman, such as a weaver or shoemaker, has got more stock than what is sufficient to purchase the materials of his own work, and to maintain himself till he can dispose of it, he naturally employs one or more journeymen with the surplus, in order to make a profit by their work. Increase this surplus, and he will naturally increase the number of his journeymen.
  
  The demand for those who live by wages, therefore, necessarily increases with the increase of the revenue and stock of every country, and cannot possibly increase without it. The increase of revenue and stock is the increase of national wealth. The demand for those who live by wages, therefore, naturally increases with the increase of national wealth, and cannot possibly increase without it.
  
  ìüÐÝ(ÀÓ±Ý)¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ¸Ô°í»ç´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ âÍé©(¼ö¿ä)´Â ÀÓ±ÝÀ» ÁöºÒÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÚ±ÝÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸í¹éÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÚ±ÝÀº µÎ °¡Áö Á¾·ù·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù; ù°, À¯Áöº¸Á¸¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ °Í ÀÌ»óÀÇ â¥ìý(¼öÀÔ)ÀÌ°í µÑ°, ÁÖÀÎÀÌ ¿î¿ë(employment)ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ °Í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¾÷¹«·®(stock)ÀÌ´Ù.
  
  ò¢ñ«(ÁöÁÖ)¿Í ¿¬±Ý¼öÀÔÀÚ¿Í È¤Àº µ· ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °¡Á·ÀÇ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â °Í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ÀÚ¿¬È÷ À׿©±ÝÀÇ ÀϺΠ¶Ç´Â ÀüºÎ¸¦ ÇÑ ¸í ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÇÏÀÎÀ» °í¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ À׿©±ÝÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°¸é ±×´Â ÀÚ¿¬È÷ ÇÏÀÎÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  
  º£ Â¥´Â »ç¶÷À̳ª ±¸µÔ¹æ ÁÖÀÎó·³ ÀÚ¿µ±Ù·ÎÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÏ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Àç·á¸¦ ±¸ÀÔÇÏ°í ±× Àç·á¸¦ ó¸®ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ °Í ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¾÷¹«·®À» °¡Áö°Ô µÉ ¶§´Â ±× À׿© ¾÷¹«·®À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀåÀÎÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÇÑ ¸í ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀåÀÎÀ» °í¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ À׿© ¾÷¹«·®À» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°¸é ±×´Â ÀÚ¿¬È÷ ±×ÀÇ ÀåÀÎÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  
  ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÓ±ÝÀ¸·Î »ýÈ°ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä´Â ¸ðµç ³ª¶óÀÇ ¼öÀÔ°ú ¾÷¹«·®ÀÇ Áõ°¡¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ¾÷¹«·®ÀÇ Áõ°¡ ¾øÀÌ´Â ±× ¼ö¿ä´Â °áÄÚ Áõ°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¼öÀÔ°ú ¾÷¹«·®ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â ÏÐÝ£(±¹ºÎ)ÀÇ Áõ°¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀӱݻýÈ°ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä´Â ÀÚ¿¬È÷ ±¹ºÎÀÇ Áõ°¡¿Í ÇÔ²² Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ±¹ºÎÀÇ Áõ°¡ ¾øÀÌ´Â °áÄÚ Áõ°¡ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
  
  * Çؼ³
  
  Adam Smith´Â °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â »çȸ´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº »çȸº¸´Ù´Â ´õ ÇູÇÏ°í ´õ ¼º°øÀûÀ̸ç ÀÌ°ÍÀº Þ¸ÏÐ(ºó±¹)Àº ¹°·Ð ÀÌ¹Ì ³ôÀº »ýÈ°¼öÁØ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÑ Ý£ÏÐ(ºÎ±¹)¿¡µµ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. Smith´Â ¡®±¹¹Î ´ë´Ù¼ö°¡ °¡Àå ÇູÇÏ°í °¡Àå ¾È¶ôÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °ÍÀº Ý£¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼ºÃëÇßÀ» ¶§º¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á »çȸ°¡ º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ºÎÀÇ ¼ºÃ븦 À§ÇØ ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ÀÌ´Ù. °æÁ¦°¡ ïÎôò(Á¤Ã¼)µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ±¹¹ÎÀÇ »îÀÌ Èûµé°í °æÁ¦°¡ ¼èÅðÇÒ ¶§´Â ±¹¹ÎÀº ºñÂüÇØÁø´Ù.¡¯¶ó¸ç °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÌ ±¹¹ÎÀÇ Çູ°¨¿¡ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù°íµµ Çß´Ù.
  
  Harvard ´ëÇÐ °æÁ¦ÇÐ ±³¼ö¿´´ø Benjamin Friedmanµµ ±×ÀÇ îÊßö(Àú¼­) ¡®The Moral Consequence of Economic Growth¡¯(°æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÇ µµ´öÀû °á°ú)¿¡¼­ ¡®°æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀüº¸´Ù ´õ ¹ø¿µÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ´õ ³Ê±×·¯¿öÁö°í ºÐÀïÀ» ÆòÈ­ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á´Â ¶æÀÌ ´õ °­ÇØÁö°í, ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ¼±È£ÇÏ·Á´Â ÂÊÀ¸·Î ¸¶À½ÀÌ ´õ ±â¿ï¾îÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¿ª»ç°¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. °æÁ¦Àû Á¤Ã¼¿Í ¼èÅð´Â úõÕá(Çù·®¡¤intolerance)°ú ºÐÀï°ú µ¶Àç¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ±í´Ù¡¯¸ç SmithÀÇ ¿¹¸®ÇÑ ÅëÂûÀ» Âù¾çÇß´Ù.
  
  Friedman ±³¼ö´Â °æÁ¦Àû ¹ø¿µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´À³¦Àº ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î »ó´ëÀûÀ̶ó°í ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ºÎÀ¯ÇÏµç °¡³­Çϵç ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °íÁ¤µÈ »ýÈ°¼öÁØ¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±× ¼öÁØ¿¡ ½±°Ô ¿°ÁõÀ» ´À³¢´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº »ýÈ°¼öÁØÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡°í Àְųª ¶Ç·¡º¸´Ù ´õ Àß»ì°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ´À³¢¸é ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Çູ°¨À» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡ ºñÇØ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡Á¡ ´õ Àß»ì°Ô µÇ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ŸÀΰú ºñ±³Çؼ­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾î´À À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖµç °ü½ÉÀ» º¸´Ù Àû°Ô °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °ú°Å¿¡ ºñÇؼ­ ¼ÒµæÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª ¼ÒµæÀÌ ³»·Á°¡°Ô µÇ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀº ŸÀΰú °ü·ÃÇؼ­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ŸÀο¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¿¹¹ÎÇÏ°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù.
  
  ±× °á°ú´Â Çù·®°ú »çȸÀû ¸¶ÂûÀÌ´Ù. ¿ä¾àÇؼ­ ¸»ÇÏ¸é °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀº ¹°ÁúÀû À̵æ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µµ´öÀûÀÎ À̵浵 °¡Á®¿Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ FriedmanÀÇ »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. Áï ±¹¹ÎÀº °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¶§ ´õ ÇູÇØÁö°í Á¤½ÅÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ´õ ¿©À¯°¡ »ý±â°í µµ´ö¼ºµµ ´õ ³ô¾ÆÁö°í °è±ÞÀû îØÓßÊï(Àû´ë°¨)µµ ´õ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÌ »çȸÀû °¥µîÀÇ °¡Àå È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ÇØ°áÃ¥ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
[ 2022-11-07, 09:33 ] Æ®À§ÅÍÆ®À§ÅÍ  ÆäÀ̽ººÏÆäÀ̽ººÏ  ¹ÌÅõµ¥À̹ÌÅõµ¥ÀÌ  ¿äÁò¿äÁò  ³×À̹ö³×À̹ö
  • ±â»ç¸ñ·Ï
  • À̸ÞÀϺ¸³»±â
  • ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱâ
  • ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±â»çº¸±â
¸ÇÀ§·Î

´ñ±Û ±Û¾²±â ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×


¸ÇÀ§·Î¿ù°£Á¶¼±  |  Ãµ¿µ¿ìTV  |  Á¶¼±ÀϺ¸  |  ÅëÀÏÀϺ¸  |  ¹Ì·¡Çѱ¹  |  ¿ÃÀÎÄÚ¸®¾Æ  |  ´ºµ¥Àϸ®  |  ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖ¿¬±¸¿ø  |  À̽¸¸TV  |  À̱âÀÚÅë½Å  |  ÃÖº¸½ÄÀÇ ¾ð·Ð
  °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸Ãë±Þ¹æħ
À̸ÞÀÏ
¸ð¹ÙÀÏ ¹öÀü