ÀÌÁ¦´Â ïáëùÀÇ Ä®À» »ÌÀ» ¶§ÀÌ´Ù!

¹Ý¿ªÀ» ¹æ°üÇϰųª, ¹Ý¿ª¿¡ °ü´ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹Ý¿ªº¸´Ù ´õ ³ª»Ú´Ù!

MITÀÇ ´ë·± ¾Æ¼¼¸Ó±×·ç(Daron Acemoglu)±³¼ö¿Í ÇϹöµå ´ëÇÐÀÇ Á¦ÀÓ½º ·Îºó½¼(James Robinson)±³¼ö´Â òµ°¡ 2012³âµµ Á¤Ä¡¡¤°æÁ¦ÇÐ ºÎ¹® ÃÖ¿ì¼ö îÊâû(Àú¼ú) ÏØ(±º)À¸·Î ¼±Á¤ÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ÍìîÊ(°øÀú) ¡¶±¹°¡´Â ¿Ö ½ÇÆÐÇϴ°¡(Why Nations Fail)¡·¿¡¼­ °æÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϸ鼭 Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼º°ø°ú ºÏÇÑÀÇ ½ÇÆÐÀÇ ¿äÀÎÀ» Á¤Ä¡Á¦µµÀÇ Â÷À̶ó°í ¸»Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù:


¡´Korea is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions¡ªwith no end in sight. The difference between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories.

ÄÚ¸®¾Æ´Â ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ÔÒòõîÜ(µ¿ÁúÀû)ÀÎ ³ª¶óÀÌÁö¸¸ ºÏÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå °¡³­ÇÏ°í ¹Ý¸é¿¡ Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ±×·ì¿¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. ³²ÂÊÀº Àμ¾Æ¼ºê¸¦ âÁ¶Çϰí Çõ½ÅÀ» º¸»óÇÏ°í ´©±¸¿¡°Ô³ª °æÁ¦Àû ±âȸ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â »çȸ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇØ¼­ ÃËÁøµÈ °æÁ¦Àû ¼º°øÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±¹¹Î ´ëÁß¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áö°í ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ¿å±¸¿¡ ÀÀÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×´ë·Î Áö¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. ½½ÇÁ°Ôµµ ºÏÂÊÀÇ ÀιεéÀº ¼ö½Ê³â°£ÀÇ ÑÆä»(±â¾Æ)¿Í Á¤Ä¡Àû ¾ï¾Ð°ú ³²ÂÊÇϰí´Â ´Ù¸¥ Á¦µµ¸¦ Âü¾Æ³»¾î¾ß ÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í³­Àº ³¡ÀÌ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Çѹݵµ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ Á¦µµÀû ±ËÀû(°á°ú)À» ¸¸µé¾î ³½ °ÍÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¡¶The Economist 2013³â 8¿ù24ÀÏí®¡·¡µ

¡´This paper believes that America is generally a force for good in the world. If Mr Obama does not keep his promises, it will no longer be much of a force at all.

Üâòµ(º»Áö)´Â ¹Ì±¹Àº ´ëü·Î ¼¼°èÀÇ à¼À» À§Çؼ­ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °­´ë±¹À̶ó°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ¿À¹Ù¸¶´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ÁöŰÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é(½Ã¸®¾Æ°¡ È­Çй«±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ½Ã¸®¾Æ ³»Àü¿¡ °³ÀÔÇϰڴٴ ¾à¼Ó), ¹Ì±¹Àº ´õ ÀÌ»ó °­´ë±¹À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡¶The Economist 2013³â 8¿ù24ÀÏí®¡·¡µ



Àΰ£¼º¿¡ ³»ÀçÇϴ ༰ú äÂÀº »óÈ£°£ °¥µî°ú ÅõÀïÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù. À̰ÍÀº Àΰ£ °³ÀÎÀº ¹°·Ð ±¹°¡¿¡µµ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù. à¼äÂÀÇ ÀïÅõ¿¡¼­ äÂÀÌ ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼¼ÇÒ ¶§µµ ÀÖÁö¸¸, °á±¹¿¡´Â à¼ÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÑ´Ù. à¼ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é Àΰ£»çȸ´Â »ýÁ¸ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

äÂÇÑ °³ÀÎÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÆÄ¸êÇϰí äÂÇÑ Áý´ÜÀ̳ª »çȸ³ª ±¹°¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ÆÐ¸ÁÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â °Íµµ äÂÀÇ Á¾¸»Àº ÆÄ±«À̰í à¼Àº °Ç¼³À» °¡Á®¿À±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. à¼ÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Àΰ£ÀÇ °øµ¿Ã¼°¡ Á¸¼ÓÇÏ°í ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹ß»ý°ú ¹ßÀüÀÌ °¡´ÉÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Àηù´Â º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î äÂÀ» ÀÀ¡Çϰí à¼À» Ãß±¸Çϵµ·Ï ÁøÈ­ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Áï Ïèà¼ó¤äÂ(±Ç¼±Â¡¾Ç)ÀÌ ÀηùÀÇ »ýÁ¸°ú ÁøÈ­ÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ°í ¹®¸íÀÇ ¹ÙÅÁÀÌ µÈ´Ù. à¼äÂÀÇ ÀïÅõ¿¡¼­´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª à¼ÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

±×·¯³ª à¼äÂÀÇ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î à¼ÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ½Â¸®°¡ Áö¿¬µÇ°í äÂÀÇ Áö¹è°¡ Àå±âÈ­ µÇ¸é °¡°øÇÒ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. äÂÀÇ ¹«¸®¸¦ Á¦ ¶§¿¡ ó´ÜÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±¹°¡°¡ ¸ÁÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ°í ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ¾öû³­ ÇǸ¦ È긮°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Àηù¿ª»ç°¡ »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù.

19¼¼±â ¸»¿±ºÎÅÍ ·¯½Ã¾Æ¸¦ Àá½ÄÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀ» ð¨ïÙ(Á¦Á¤)·¯½Ã¾Æ°¡ ´Ù¼ÒÀÇ Èñ»ýÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í ÀÏÂġ ÀϼÒÇÏ¿´´õ¶ó¸é áÌÖ¤(¼Ò·Ã) Á¤±Ç 75³â µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¾Ç¸¶Àû °øÆ÷Á¤Ä¡¿Í ´ë·®ÇлìÀ» ¿¹¹æÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1920³â´ë¿¡ ñãÔÑ(Áص¿)Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ µ¶ÀÏ ³ªÄ¡½ºÀÇ ½ÏÀ» ¿µ±¹°ú ÇÁ¶û½º°¡ ÈûÀ» ÇÕÃÄ ¹Ì¸® Àß¶ú´õ¶ó¸é 600¸¸¸íÀÇ À¯ÅÂÀÎ Çлì°ú ¼ö õ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÀüÀïÈñ»ýÀÚ¸¦ ³½ 2Â÷ ´ëÀüÀº ÀϾÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ú°Û¯(ÇØ¹æ) ÈÄ¿¡ ¹Ì±ºÁ¤À̳ª ³²ÇÑÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ³²·Î´çÀÇ ¾¾¸¦ ÁøÀÛ¿¡ ¸»·Á ¹ö·È´õ¶ó¸é 6¡¤25 »çº¯ÀÇ Âü±ØÀ» ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â ¡®ãêÀº Áø½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±â´Ù¸®½Å´Ù(God sees the truth, but waits)¡¯¶ó¸ç äÂÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀÌ ÀÚü ¸ð¼ø¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ½º½º·Î ¸ÁÇϰí Áø¸®°¡ ½Â¸®ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇßÁö¸¸, ½Â¸®ÀÇ ³¯À» °¡¸¸È÷ ¾É¾Æ¼­ ±â´Ù¸± µ¿¾È¿¡ ³ª¶ó¿Í ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª Ä¿Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¾ºÏ ¹Ý¿ª¼¼·ÂÀÇ ±¤¶õÀ¸·Î ±¹°¡°¡ ðíØÌ(Á¸¸Á)ÀÇ À§±â¿¡ óÇÑ ÇöÀç¿Í °°Àº À§±ÞÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­´Â äÂÀÇ ¼¼·ÂÀÌ í»Øþ(ÀÚ¸ê)ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®±âº¸´Ù´Â äÂÀ» ßãõó(»öÃâ)ÇÏ¿© ¹Ú¸êÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ±¹¹ÎÀ̳ª ±¹°¡°¡ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÌ ³Ê¹« Ä¿Áø´Ù. äÂÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡µµ êüúì(À¯Ç÷)ÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÉ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸ À̰ÍÀº à¼ÀÇ Ãß±¸´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã äÂÀ» ¼ö¹ÝÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â »ýÁ¸Á¶°ÇÀÇ ¸ð¼ø ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. ±¹°¡¸¦ ï´ÜÝ(Àüº¹)ÇÏ·Á´Â ¹Ý¿ªÀÇ ¹«¸®¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÀÇ Ä®·Î ÀÀ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á äÂÀÌ´Ù.

1945³â ÇØ¹æ ÈÄ Çѱ¹Àº à¼ÇÑ À̳äÀÎ ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ äÅÃÇÏ°í ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ¶ó´Â °Å·èÇÑ õ±ìÑ(ÃÊÀÎ)ÀÇ çÐÓô(¿µµµ)·Î ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå °¡³­ÇÑ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ¡®among the richest(°¡Àå ºÎÀÚÀÎ ³ª¶óÁß Çϳª)¡¯°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, ¹ÝµµÀÇ ºÏÂÊÀº ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ³í¸®ÀÎ °ø»êÁÖÀǸ¦ Áö¹èÀ̳äÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í ±èÀϼº-±èÁ¤ÀÏÀÇ øìïÙ(ÆøÁ¤)À¸·Î ¡®among the poorest(°¡Àå °¡³­ÇÑ ³ª¶ó Áß Çϳª)¡¯°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Çѱ¹Àº °¡³­ÇÑ ³ª¶ó¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁָ鼭 ¼¼°è°¡ ĪÂùÇØ ¸¶Áö¾Ê´Â à¼ÀÇ øúßÚ(Ç¥»ó)ÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀ̰í, ºÏÇÑÀº ÂüȤÇÑ ÑÆä»(±â¾Æ)¿Í õÀΰø³ëÇÒ ÇлìÀÌ ÀÚÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â äÂÀÇ Áý´ÜÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Àΰ£Àº º»´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î äÂÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇϰí à¼À» ÁöÇâÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±Ø¾ÇÇÑ »ìÀιüµµ »çÀÌÄÚ¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí´Â ¾ó±¼À» °¡¸®°í °í°³¸¦ ¼÷À̸ç äÂÀ» ºÎ²ô·¯¿öÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ×¾¿¡ µå´Â Àΰ£Àº à¼À» Áõ¿ÀÇϰí äÂÀ» Âù¾çÇÏ¸ç ¾ÇÇàÀ» ¹üÇÏ°íµµ ȯÇÏ°Ô ¿ô´Â´Ù. ½ºÅ»¸°¡¤È÷Ʋ·¯¡¤±èÀϼº-±èÁ¤ÀÏ¡¤¸ðÅõ¿¡¤Æú Æ÷Æ® °°Àº ¾Ç¸¶ÀÇ ´ë¸®ÀεéÀº ¼ö õ ¸¸¸íÀ» ÇлìÇÏ°íµµ Å«¼Ò¸®Ä¡¸ç ³ÊÅпôÀ½À» ÅͶ߸°´Ù.

ÅëÁø´ç À̼®±â´Â ¡®ÝÁÀº ´Ù ¾Ö±¹¡¯À̶ó¸ç à¼ÇÑ ³ª¶ó Çѱ¹À» ÀúÁÖÇϰí à¼ÇÑ °­´ë±¹ÀÎ ¹Ì±¹À» öõÁö¿ø¼öó·³ Áõ¿ÀÇß´Ù. ±¹°¡Àüº¹ Ȱµ¿°ú ³»¶õÀ½¸ðÀÇ ÓÞæ½ñª(´ë¿ªÁË)ÀÇ ¹è°æ¿¡´Â ÀÌ °°Àº Áõ¿À½ÉÀÌ ±ò·Á ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áö³­ 4ÀÏ ±¹È¸¿¡¼­ üÆ÷µ¿ÀǾÈÀÌ Åë°úµÇÀÚ À̼®±â´Â ¹¦ÇÑ ¹Ì¼Ò¸¦ Áö¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× ¹Ì¼Ò°¡ ¼¶¶àÇß´ø °ÍÀº ºñ´Ü ÇÊÀÚ »Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Á¶¼±½Ã´ë¿¡´Â æ½ÙÇ(¿ª¸ð)¸¦ Çϰųª ¹Ý¿ªÀÇ Á˸¦ ÁöÀ¸¸é ÒøòÀô¥óÖ(´ÉÁöóÂü)¿¡´Ù ß²ðé(»ïÁ·)À» Øþ(¸ê)ÇÏ´Â Çü¹úÀ» °¡Çß´Ù. ±¹°¡°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ±¹¹ÎÀÇ »ý¸í°ú Àç»êÀ» Áöų ¼ö ¾ø¾ú±â ¿¡ ¹Ý¿ªÀÇ ¹«¸®µéÀ» °¡Â÷¾øÀÌ Ã³´ÜÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ ïáëùÀÇ Ä®·Î ¹Ý¿ªÀÇ ¹«¸®µéÀ» ¸ðÁ¶¸® ó´ÜÇÒ ¶§°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¿ªÀ» ¹æ°üÇϰųª ¹Ý¿ª¿¡ °ü´ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹Ý¿ªº¸´Ù ´õ ³ª»Ú´Ù. ¹Ý¿ªÀÚ¿¡°Ô Á¤ÀÇÀÇ Ä®À» »ÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀº ±¹¹ÎÀ¸·Î¼­´Â Üôõ÷(ºÒÃæ)À̰í Àΰ£À¸·Î¼­´Â »ýÁ¸À» Æ÷±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í ±¹°¡·Î¼­´Â ¸ê¸ÁÀ» ÀÚÃÊÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

  • Æ®À§ÅÍ
  • ÆäÀ̽ººÏ
  • ¡èÀ§·Î
Copyright ¨Ï Á¶°©Á¦´åÄÄ - ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷ ±ÝÁö
´ñ±Û´Þ±â ´ñ±Û¾²±â ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×

´ñ±Û´Þ±â´Â ·Î±×ÀÎÈÄ »ç¿ëÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³»¿ëÀº 100ÀÚ À̳»·Î Àû¾îÁֽʽÿÀ. ±¤°í, ¿å¼³, ºñ¼Ó¾î, ÀνŰø°Ý°ú ÇØ´ç ±Û°ú °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â ±ÛÀº »çÀüÅ뺸¾øÀÌ »èÁ¦µË´Ï´Ù.

PC ¹öÀü