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Xi's Anti-Japan Strategy Exploits Korean History for China's Benefit

China's President Xi Jinping thinks he's got the perfect way to assert supremacy over South as well as North Korea and drive off Japan, China's biggest regional competitor and adversary. He can attack Japan for its horrific World War II record, which he called 'barbarous' in his recent visit to Seoul.

Nobody would dispute the accuracy of that term, but China is playing upon bitter memories of a war that ended nearly 70 years ago while distracting attention from current problems. Nothing better signifies this strategy than Xi's proposal that China and South Korea together celebrate their victory over Japan in August 1945. South Korea is right to hesitate to participate in a propaganda attack full of distortions of what really happened, including no doubt the American role in bringing about the Japanese surrender.

The fact is the Chinese are trying very hard to exploit current differences between Japan and South Korea in order to strengthen China's position for its own commercial, political and militarist reasons. Since the United States has separate treaty alliances with both the countries, China also is seeking to challenge and diminish the U.S. role.

President Xi, while the U.S. secretary of state John Kerry was in Beijing, warned of the disastrous impact of war between the United States and China. At this stage China may be far from ready to wage such a war, but China is expanding its horizons all around its borders. China claims almost all the South China Sea and clearly would like to extend its power over the East China Sea as seen in daily confrontation with the Japanese over the Senkaku islands, Diaoyiu in Chinese.

China's strategy on the Korean peninsula is quite different. Like it or not, North Korea cannot survive without all the food and fuel that it's getting from China. At the same time, China has far more extensive relations with South Korea, its third biggest trading partner and the source of huge industrial investment as well.

So it makes sense for President Xi to align with President Park Geun-hye in denunciations of Japan. The history of Japanese imperialism is long and bloody. Korea, having fallen under Japanese domination in 1905, may have suffered more than China. In the revolution that led to the rise of Communist Party rule on October 1, 1949, Mao Zedung's forces were busier fighting the Kuomintang 'Nationalist'Chinese under Chiang Kaishek than the Japanese.

South Korea, however, should not fall for Xi's transparent attempt at reviving old conflict in order to advance China's position. Policy-makers need to focus on current issues. By supporting North Korea militarily, China poses a security threat to the entire Korean peninsula. Although China gives an impression of trying to restrain North Korea, South Korea still needs the alliance with the U.S.

The Japanese do not help by refusing to abandon their claim on Dokdo, which the Japanese call Takeshima, and by remaining adamant on resisting demands for fair compensation for comfort women. Japan has made matters worse by coming up with a report that questions the validity of the declaration of more than 20 years ago apologizing for Japan's exploitation of comfort women in World War II.

Nonetheless, South Korea has a tremendous range of relations with Japan. These include not only trade and investment but also deep-seated cultural ties. Nor can anyone forget the importance of Japan as a rear base area for American forces during the Korean War. In a second Korean War, foreign forces would again need Japan.

The architecture of relations in Northeast Asia, however, may be changing. Japan is in talks with North Korea on Japanese kidnapped to the North while removing constitutional constraints on Japanese joining with others for 'collective self-defense' far from Japan's shores. That means the Japanese could fight alongside the Americans if war broke out elsewhere in Asia.

It is difficult if not impossible to imagine that South Korea would want to join in any conflict as a partner with the Japanese. If Japanese and Chinese were to go to war over the Senkaku islands, for instance, South Korea would stay away. Neutrality in that case would be the best policy.

There is no reason, though, for South Korea to fall for China's strategy of attempting to pull South Korea out of the Japanese orbit. Rather, South Korea should strive to improve relations with Japan, to get over the historical issues that separate the two countries.

It is hard to know how to overcome these issues considering the stubbornness of the Japanese in refusing to back down on matters that are so important to the Koreans. It's also important, however, to look ahead, to consider the desirability of good relations with Japan and to recognize what President Xi is doing.

Xi would like nothing better than to foster hostility between Japan and South Korea while undermining the Korean-U.S. alliance and advancing Chinese authority over the Korean peninsula and Northeast Asia just as China is doing elsewhere.

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